diff --git a/BUILD.md b/BUILD.md
index 1d1800cd..697a3986 100644
--- a/BUILD.md
+++ b/BUILD.md
@@ -25,40 +25,13 @@ To setup development environment in Visual Studio Code:
 
 # Windows
 
-For Windows 7 or later:
-
 | Library + Toolchain \ Target | x86 | x64 | ARM64 |
 | ---------------------------- | --- | --- | ----- |
 | MSYS2 + GNU-based MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
 | MSYS2 + LLVM-based MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
-| Qt.io + MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
-| Qt.io + MSVC | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
-| vcpkg + MSVC | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+| [Windows XP](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/qtbase-xp) + [MinGW UCRT](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/mingw-lite) | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
 
-qmake variables:
-- `PREFIX`: where `$MAKE install` installs files to.
-- `WINDOWS_PREFER_OPENCONSOLE=ON` (make phase): prefer UTF-8 compatible `OpenConsole.exe`.
-  - `OpenConsole.exe` is a part of Windows Terminal. UTF-8 input support was added in version 1.18.
-  - `OpenConsole.exe` requires ConPTY, which was introduced in Windows 10 1809.
-
-Notes for Windows on ARM:
-- Red Panda C++ can be built for ARM64 ABI only on Windows 11 ARM64, while it is supposed (but not tested) to run on Windows 10 ARM64.
-  - ARM64EC (“emulation compatible”) host is not supported, i.e., Red Panda C++ cannot be built with ARM64EC toolchain.
-  - ARM64EC target is (theoretically) supported, i.e. Red Panda C++ will build ARM64EC binaries if upstream toolchain supports ARM64EC.
-- With the [ARM32 deprecation in Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 25905](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/07/12/announcing-windows-11-insider-preview-build-25905/), ARM32 support will never be added.
-
-For legacy Windows (NT 5.1 – 6.0):
-
-| Library + Toolchain \ Target | x86 | x64 |
-| ---------------------------- | --- | --- |
-| Qt 5.6 from [patched source](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/qtbase-5.6) + MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ |
-
-Notes for legacy Windows:
-- Supported Windows versions:
-  - Windows XP SP3 or later;
-  - Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition (a.k.a. Windows XP x64 Edition) SP2 or later.
-- Windows 7 x64 or later required as build host.
-- Here is [a script](packages/windows/build-qt5.6-mingw-static.sh) for building Qt 5.6 from source alongside official Qt installation (with Qt.io MinGW GCC 8.1.0).
+See also [more build instructions for Windows](./docs/detailed-build-win.md).
 
 ## MSYS2 Qt Library with MinGW Toolchain (Recommended)
 
@@ -72,163 +45,92 @@ Official distributions of Red Panda C++ are built with MINGW32 GCC and MINGW64 G
 
 Prerequisites:
 
-0. Windows 8.1 x64 or later, or Windows 11 ARM64.
+0. Windows 10 x64 or later, or Windows 11 ARM64.
 1. Install MSYS2.
-2. In selected environment, install toolchain and Qt 5 library:
+2. In selected environment, install toolchain, Qt 5 library, and required utils:
    ```bash
-   pacman -S $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-toolchain $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-qt5-static
+   pacman -S \
+     $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-{toolchain,qt5-static,7zip,cmake} \
+     mingw-w64-i686-nsis \
+     git curl
    ```
 
-To build:
+To build, launch selected MSYS2 environment, run:
+```bash
+./packages/msys/build-mingw.sh
+```
+to build Red Panda C++ installer and portable package with MinGW GCC toolchain or without compiler; and
+```bash
+./packages/msys/build-llvm.sh
+```
+to build Red Panda C++ installer with LLVM MinGW toolchain.
 
-1. In selected environment, set related variables:
-   ```bash
-   SRC_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-src" # “C:\src\redpanda-src” for example
-   BUILD_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-build" # “C:\src\redpanda-build” for example
-   INSTALL_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-pkg" # “C:\src\redpanda-pkg” for example
-   ```
-2. Navigate to build directory:
-   ```bash
-   rm -rf "$BUILD_DIR" # optional for clean build
-   mkdir -p "$BUILD_DIR" && cd "$BUILD_DIR"
-   ```
-3. Configure, build and install:
-   ```bash
-   $MSYSTEM_PREFIX/qt5-static/bin/qmake PREFIX="$INSTALL_DIR" "$SRC_DIR/Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
-   mingw32-make -j$(nproc)
-   mingw32-make install
-   ```
+Common arguments:
+- `-h`, `--help`: show help message.
+- `-c`, `--clean`: clean build directory.
+- `-nd`, `--no-deps`: do not check dependencies.
+- `-t <dir>`, `--target-dir <dir>`: set target directory for the packages. Default: `dist/`.
 
-## Qt.io Qt Library with MinGW Toolchain or MSVC Toolchain
+Extra arguments for `build-mingw.sh`:
+- `--mingw32`: add `assets/mingw32.7z` to the package.
+- `--mingw64`: add `assets/mingw64.7z` to the package.
+- `--mingw`: alias for `--mingw32` (x86 app) or `--mingw64` (x64 app).
+- `--ucrt <build>`: add UCRT runtime from Windows SDK to the package. e.g. `--ucrt 22621` for Windows 11 SDK 22H2.
+
+## Windows XP Qt Library with MinGW UCRT Toolchain
+
+The script `build-xp.sh` is alike `build-mingw.sh`, but it will download a standalone MinGW UCRT toolchain to build Red Panda C++ for Windows XP, according to current MSYS2 environment:
+- MINGW32/CLANG32: build x86 app;
+- MINGW64/UCRT64/CLANG64: build x64 app.
 
 Prerequisites:
 
-0. Windows 7 x64 or later. ARM64 is not supported.
-1. Install Qt with online installer from [Qt.io](https://www.qt.io/download-qt-installer-oss).
-   - Select the library (in _Qt_ group, _Qt 5.15.2_ subgroup, check at lease one of _MinGW 8.1.0 32-bit_, _MinGW 8.1.0 64-bit_, _MSVC 2019 32-bit_ or _MSVC 2019 64-bit_).
-   - For MinGW toolchain, select the toolchain (in _Qt_ group, _Developer and Designer Tools_ subgroup, check _MinGW 8.1.0 32-bit_ or _MinGW 8.1.0 64-bit_, matching the library).
-   - Optionally select Qt Creator (in _Qt_ group, _Developer and Designer Tools_ subgroup; recomended for MSVC toolchain for parallel build support).
-2. For MSVC toolchain, install Visual Studio 2019 or later, or Visual Studio Build Tools 2019 or later, with _Desktop Development with C++_ workload.
-   - In _Installation Details_ panel, under the _Desktop Development with C++_ workload, select at least one _MSVC x86/x64 build tools_ and one _Windows SDK_.
+0. Windows 10 x64 or later.
+1. Install MSYS2.
+2. In selected environment, install required utils:
+   ```bash
+   pacman -S \
+     $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-{7zip,cmake} \
+     mingw-w64-i686-nsis \
+     git curl
+   ```
+3. Download [Windows XP Qt Library](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/qtbase-xp) and extract to `C:/Qt`.
+   - The directory structure should be like
+     ```
+     C:
+     └─ Qt
+        └─ 5.15.13
+           ├─ mingw132_32-redpanda
+           │  ├─ bin
+           │  ├─ include
+           │  ├─ lib
+           │  └─ ...
+           └─ mingw132_64-redpanda
+              ├─ bin
+              ├─ include
+              ├─ lib
+              └─ ...
+     ```
+   - Or you can build from source and specify the path with `--qt` argument.
+4. Install Windows 11 SDK 22H2 for UCRT runtime.
 
-To build:
+To build, launch selected MSYS2 environment, run:
+```bash
+./packages/msys/build-xp.sh --ucrt 22621
+```
 
-1. Launch Qt environment from Start Menu.
-2. In Qt environment, set related variables:
-   ```bat
-   rem no quotes even if path contains spaces
-   set SRC_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-src
-   set BUILD_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-build
-   set INSTALL_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-pkg
-   rem for MSVC toolchain
-   set VS_INSTALL_PATH=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community
-   rem for MSVC toolchain; or x86
-   set VC_ARCH=amd64
-   rem for MSVC toolchain; keep unset if Qt Creator is not installed
-   set QT_CREATOR_DIR=C:\Qt\Tools\QtCreator
-   ```
-3. Navigate to build directory:
-   ```bat
-   rem optional for clean build
-   rmdir /s /q "%BUILD_DIR%"
-   mkdir "%BUILD_DIR%" && cd /d "%BUILD_DIR%"
-   ```
-4. Configure, build and install. For MinGW toolchain:
-   ```bat
-   qmake PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
-   mingw32-make -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
-   mingw32-make install
-   windeployqt "%INSTALL_DIR%\RedPandaIDE.exe"
-   ```
-   For MSVC toolchain:
-   ```bat
-   call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat" -arch=%VC_ARCH%
-   qmake PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+This script accepts the same arguments as `build-mingw.sh`, plus:
+- `--qt <dir>`: set Qt directory. e.g. `--qt /d/myqt-32`.
 
-   set JOM=%QT_CREATOR_DIR%\bin\jom\jom.exe
-   if "%QT_CREATOR_DIR%" neq "" (
-      "%JOM%" -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
-      "%JOM%" install
-   ) else (
-      nmake
-      nmake install
-   )
-   windeployqt "%INSTALL_DIR%\RedPandaIDE.exe"
-   ```
-
-## Advanced Option: vcpkg Qt Static Library with MSVC Toolchain
-
-Prerequisites:
-
-0. Windows 7 x64 or later. ARM64 is not supported.
-   - For a fresh installation of Windows 7, install following components in order:
-     1. SHA-2 code signing support (prerequisite of .NET Framework 4.8),
-     2. .NET Framework 4.8 (prerequisite of Windows Management Framework 5.1 and Visual Studio; also optional dependency of Git for Windows),
-     3. Windows Management Framework 5.1 (prerequisite of vcpkg bootstrapping).
-1. Install Visual Studio 2017 or later, or Visual Studio Build Tools 2017 or later, with _Desktop Development with C++_ workload.
-   - In _Installation Details_ panel, under the _Desktop Development with C++_ workload, select at least one _MSVC x86/x64 build tools_ and one _Windows SDK_.
-2. Install [standalone vcpkg](https://vcpkg.io/en/getting-started).
-   - As of 2023.08.09, [a patch](./packages/windows/vcpkg-win7-2023.08.09.patch) is required for Windows 7 to use compatible version of Python. Affected files will change over time, so manually edit them to apply the patch.
-3. Install Qt with vcpkg.
-   ```ps1
-   $TARGET = "x64-windows-static" # or "x86-windows-static"
-   vcpkg install qt5-base:$TARGET qt5-svg:$TARGET qt5-tools:$TARGET
-   ```
-
-To build with VS 2019 or later in PowerShell (Core) or Windows PowerShell:
-
-1. Set related variables:
-   ```ps1
-   $SRC_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-src"
-   $BUILD_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-build"
-   $INSTALL_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-pkg"
-   $VCPKG_ROOT = "C:\src\vcpkg"
-   $VCPKG_TARGET = "x64-windows-static" # or "x86-windows-static"
-   $VS_INSTALL_PATH = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community"
-   $VC_ARCH = "amd64" # or "x86"
-   $JOM = "$VCPKG_ROOT\downloads\tools\jom\jom-1.1.3\jom.exe" # check the version
-   ```
-2. Navigate to build directory:
-   ```ps1
-   Remove-Item -Recurse -Force "$BUILD_DIR" # optional for clean build
-   (New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force "$BUILD_DIR") -and (Set-Location "$BUILD_DIR")
-   ```
-3. Configure, build and install:
-   ```ps1
-   Import-Module "$VS_INSTALL_PATH\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll"
-   Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath "$VS_INSTALL_PATH" -SkipAutomaticLocation -DevCmdArguments "-arch=$VC_ARCH"
-   & "$VCPKG_ROOT\installed\$VCPKG_TARGET\tools\qt5\bin\qmake.exe" PREFIX="$INSTALL_DIR" "$SRC_DIR\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
-   & "$JOM" "-j${Env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}"
-   & "$JOM" install
-   ```
-
-To build with VS 2017 or later in Command Prompt:
-
-1. Launch proper VC environment from Start Menu.
-2. Set related variables:
-   ```bat
-   rem no quotes even if path contains spaces
-   set SRC_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-src
-   set BUILD_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-build
-   set INSTALL_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-pkg
-   set VCPKG_ROOT=C:\src\vcpkg
-   rem or x86-windows-static
-   set VCPKG_TARGET=x64-windows-static
-   rem check the version
-   set JOM=%VCPKG_ROOT%\downloads\tools\jom\jom-1.1.3\jom.exe
-   ```
-3. Navigate to build directory:
-   ```bat
-   rem optional for clean build
-   rmdir /s /q "%BUILD_DIR%"
-   mkdir "%BUILD_DIR%" && cd /d "%BUILD_DIR%"
-   ```
-4. Configure, build and install:
-   ```bat
-   "%VCPKG_ROOT%\installed\%VCPKG_TARGET%\tools\qt5\bin\qmake.exe" PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
-   "%JOM%" -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
-   "%JOM%" install
-   ```
+  The directory structure should be like
+  ```
+  D:
+  └─ myqt-32
+     ├─ bin
+     ├─ include
+     ├─ lib
+     └─ ...
+  ```
 
 # Linux
 
diff --git a/BUILD_cn.md b/BUILD_cn.md
index e424f218..e795ae85 100644
--- a/BUILD_cn.md
+++ b/BUILD_cn.md
@@ -25,40 +25,13 @@
 
 # Windows
 
-适用于 Windows 7 或更高版本：
-
 | 库 + 工具链 \ 目标 | x86 | x64 | ARM64 |
 | ------------------ | --- | --- | ----- |
 | MSYS2 + 基于 GNU 的 MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
 | MSYS2 + 基于 LLVM 的 MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
-| Qt.io + MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
-| Qt.io + MSVC | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
-| vcpkg + MSVC | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+| [Windows XP](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/qtbase-xp) + [MinGW UCRT](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/mingw-lite) | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
 
-qmake 变量：
-- `PREFIX`：`$MAKE install` 的安装路径。
-- `WINDOWS_PREFER_OPENCONSOLE=ON`（make 阶段）：首选兼容 UTF-8 的 `OpenConsole.exe`。
-  - `OpenConsole.exe` 是 Windows 终端的组件，在 1.18 版本加入了 UTF-8 输出支持。
-  - `OpenConsole.exe` 需要 Windows 10 1809 加入的 ConPTY 接口。
-
-关于 ARM 上的 Windows 的注记：
-- 小熊猫C++ 只能在 Windows 11 ARM64 上构建 ARM64 版，成品应该能在 Windows 10 ARM64 上运行（但没有测试过）。
-  - 不支持 ARM64EC（“仿真兼容”）主机，即不能用 ARM64EC 工具链构建小熊猫 C++。
-  - （理论上）支持 ARM64EC 目标，也就是说，如果上游工具链支持 ARM64EC，那么小熊猫C++ 可以构建 ARM64EC 程序和库。
-- 随着 [Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 25905 弃用 ARM32](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/07/12/announcing-windows-11-insider-preview-build-25905/)，小熊猫 C++ 今后也不会添加 ARM32 支持了。
-
-适用于旧版 Windows（NT 5.1 – 6.0）：
-
-| 库 + 工具链 \ 目标 | x86 | x64 |
-| ------------------ | --- | --- |
-| 从[打过补丁的源代码](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/qtbase-5.6)构建的 Qt 5.6 + MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ |
-
-关于旧版 Windows 的注记：
-- 支持的 Windows 版本：
-  - Windows XP SP3 或更高版本；
-  - Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition（也叫 Windows XP x64 Edition）SP2 或更高版本。
-- 构建环境需要 Windows 7 x64 或更高版本。
-- 从源代码构建 Qt 5.6 并与官方 Qt 安装共存可参考[这个脚本](packages/windows/build-qt5.6-mingw-static.sh)（使用 Qt.io MinGW GCC 8.1.0）。
+另请参阅[详细构建指南——Windows](./docs/detailed-build-win-cn.md)。
 
 ## MSYS2 的 Qt 库 + MinGW 工具链（推荐）
 
@@ -72,163 +45,92 @@ qmake 变量：
 
 前置条件：
 
-0. Windows 8.1 x64 或更高版本，或 Windows 11 ARM64。
+0. Windows 10 x64 或更高版本，或 Windows 11 ARM64。
 1. 安装 MSYS2。
-2. 在选定的环境中，安装工具链和 Qt 5 库：
+2. 在所选环境中安装工具链、Qt 5 库、其他所需工具：
    ```bash
-   pacman -S $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-toolchain $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-qt5-static
+   pacman -S \
+     $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-{toolchain,qt5-static,7zip,cmake} \
+     mingw-w64-i686-nsis \
+     git curl
    ```
 
-构建：
+要构建此项目，启动所选的 MSYS2 环境，然后运行
+```bash
+./packages/msys/build-mingw.sh
+```
+以构建带 MinGW GCC 工具链或不带编译器的小熊猫C++ 安装程序和绿色包；或者运行
+```bash
+./packages/msys/build-llvm.sh
+```
+以构建带 LLVM MinGW 工具链的小熊猫C++ 安装程序。
 
-1. 在选定的环境中，设置相关变量：
-   ```bash
-   SRC_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-src" # 以 “C:\src\redpanda-src” 为例
-   BUILD_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-build" # 以 “C:\src\redpanda-build” 为例
-   INSTALL_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-pkg" # 以 “C:\src\redpanda-pkg” 为例
-   ```
-2. 定位到构建目录：
-   ```bash
-   rm -rf "$BUILD_DIR" # 根据需要进行全新构建
-   mkdir -p "$BUILD_DIR" && cd "$BUILD_DIR"
-   ```
-3. 配置、构建、安装：
-   ```bash
-   $MSYSTEM_PREFIX/qt5-static/bin/qmake PREFIX="$INSTALL_DIR" "$SRC_DIR/Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
-   mingw32-make -j$(nproc)
-   mingw32-make install
-   ```
+通用参数：
+- `-h`、`--help`：显示帮助信息。
+- `-c`、`--clean`：清理构建目录。
+- `-nd`、`--no-deps`：不检查依赖项。
+- `-t <dir>`、`--target-dir <dir>`：指定输出目录。默认值为 `dist/`。
 
-## Qt.io 的 Qt 库 + MinGW 工具链或 MSVC 工具链
+`build-mingw.sh` 的额外参数：
+- `--mingw32`：把 `assets/mingw32.7z` 添加到包中。
+- `--mingw64`：把 `assets/mingw64.7z` 添加到包中。
+- `--mingw`：`--mingw32`（x86 程序）或 `--mingw64`（x64 程序）的别名。
+- `--ucrt <build>`：把 Windows SDK 附带的 UCRT 运行时添加到包中。例如 `--ucrt 22621` 表示 Windows 11 SDK 22H2。
+
+## 用于 Windows XP 的 Qt 库 + MinGW UCRT 工具链
+
+`build-xp.sh` 脚本和 `build-mingw.sh` 类似，但是会根据当前 MSYS2 环境下载独立的 MinGW UCRT 工具链来构建用于 Windows XP 的小熊猫C++：
+- MINGW32/CLANG32：构建 x86 程序；
+- MINGW64/UCRT64/CLANG64：构建 x64 程序。
 
 前置条件：
 
-0. Windows 7 x64 或更高版本。不支持 ARM64。
-1. 用 [Qt.io](https://www.qt.io/download-qt-installer-oss) 或[镜像站](https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/docs/qt)的在线安装器安装 Qt。
-   - 选中 Qt 库（“Qt” 组下的 “Qt 5.15.2” 小组，勾选 “MinGW 8.1.0 32-bit” “MinGW 8.1.0 64-bit” “MSVC 2019 32-bit” “MSVC 2019 64-bit” 中的至少一个）。
-   - 对于 MinGW 工具链，选中相应的工具链（“Qt” 组下的 “Developer and Designer Tools” 小组，“MinGW 8.1.0 32-bit” 或 “MinGW 8.1.0 64-bit”，匹配库的版本）。
-   - 根据需要，选中 Qt Creator（“Qt” 组下的 “Developer and Designer Tools” 小组，推荐在使用 MSVC 工具链时选中以支持并行构建）。
-2. 对于 MSVC 工具链，安装 Visual Studio 2019 或更高版本，或 “Visual Studio 构建工具 2019” 或更高版本，附带 “使用 C++ 的桌面开发” 工作负载。
-   - 在 “安装详细信息” 面板，“使用 C++ 的桌面开发” 之下，至少选择一个 “MSVC x86/x64 生成工具” 和一个 Windows SDK。
+0. Windows 10 x64 或更高版本。
+1. 安装 MSYS2。
+2. 在所选环境中安装所需工具：
+   ```bash
+   pacman -S \
+     $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-{7zip,cmake} \
+     mingw-w64-i686-nsis \
+     git curl
+   ```
+3. 下载 [Windows XP 的 Qt 库](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/qtbase-xp)并解压到 `C:/Qt`。
+   - 目录结构应该如下：
+     ```
+     C:
+     └─ Qt
+        └─ 5.15.13
+           ├─ mingw132_32-redpanda
+           │  ├─ bin
+           │  ├─ include
+           │  ├─ lib
+           │  └─ ...
+           └─ mingw132_64-redpanda
+              ├─ bin
+              ├─ include
+              ├─ lib
+              └─ ...
+     ```
+   - 也可以从源代码自行构建 Qt 并在构建时指定 `--qt` 参数。
+4. 安装 Windows 11 SDK 22H2 以获取 UCRT 运行时。
 
-构建：
+要构建此项目，启动所选的 MSYS2 环境，然后运行
+```bash
+./packages/msys/build-xp.sh --ucrt 22621
+```
 
-1. 从开始菜单中打开 Qt 环境。
-2. 在 Qt 环境中，设置相关变量：
-   ```bat
-   rem 即使路径含空格也不加引号
-   set SRC_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-src
-   set BUILD_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-build
-   set INSTALL_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-pkg
-   rem 仅 MSVC 工具链需要设置
-   set VS_INSTALL_PATH=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community
-   rem 仅 MSVC 工具链需要设置；或 x86
-   set VC_ARCH=amd64
-   rem 仅 MSVC 工具链需要；如果未安装 Qt Creator 则不要设置
-   set QT_CREATOR_DIR=C:\Qt\Tools\QtCreator
-   ```
-3. 定位到构建目录：
-   ```bat
-   rem 根据需要进行全新构建
-   rmdir /s /q "%BUILD_DIR%"
-   mkdir "%BUILD_DIR%" && cd /d "%BUILD_DIR%"
-   ```
-4. 配置、构建、安装。对于 MinGW 工具链：
-   ```bat
-   qmake PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
-   mingw32-make -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
-   mingw32-make install
-   windeployqt "%INSTALL_DIR%\RedPandaIDE.exe"
-   ```
-   对于 MSVC 工具链：
-   ```bat
-   call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat" -arch=%VC_ARCH%
-   qmake PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+此脚本除了接受 `build-mingw.sh` 的参数外，还接受以下参数：
+- `--qt <dir>`：指定 Qt 库目录。例如 `--qt /d/myqt-32`。
 
-   set JOM=%QT_CREATOR_DIR%\bin\jom\jom.exe
-   if "%QT_CREATOR_DIR%" neq "" (
-      "%JOM%" -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
-      "%JOM%" install
-   ) else (
-      nmake
-      nmake install
-   )
-   windeployqt "%INSTALL_DIR%\RedPandaIDE.exe"
-   ```
-
-## 高级选项：vcpkg 的 Qt 静态库 + MSVC 工具链
-
-前置条件：
-
-0. Windows 7 x64 或更高版本。不支持 ARM64。
-   - 在全新安装的 Windows 上，依次安装以下组件：
-     1. SHA-2 代码签名支持（.NET Framework 4.8 的前置条件），
-     2. .NET Framework 4.8（Windows 管理框架 5.1 和 Visual Studio 的前置条件，也是 Git for Windows 的可选依赖），
-     3. Windows 管理框架 5.1（vcpkg 自举的前置条件）。
-1. 安装 Visual Studio 2017 或更高版本，或 “Visual Studio 构建工具 2017” 或更高版本，带有 “使用 C++ 的桌面开发” 工作负载。
-   - 在 “安装详细信息” 面板，“使用 C++ 的桌面开发” 之下，至少选择一个 “MSVC x86/x64 生成工具” 和一个 Windows SDK。
-2. 安装 [vcpkg 的独立版本](https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/blob/master/README_zh_CN.md#快速开始-windows)。
-   - 截至 2023.08.09，Windows 7 需要[一个补丁](./packages/windows/vcpkg-win7-2023.08.09.patch)以使用兼容的 Python 版本。受影响的文件可能会被修改，所以最好手动修改这些文件。
-3. 用 vcpkg 安装 Qt。
-   ```ps1
-   $TARGET = "x64-windows-static" # 或 "x86-windows-static"
-   vcpkg install qt5-base:$TARGET qt5-svg:$TARGET qt5-tools:$TARGET
-   ```
-
-在 PowerShell (Core) 或 Windows PowerShell 中用 VS 2019 或更高版本构建：
-
-1. 设置相关变量：
-   ```ps1
-   $SRC_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-src"
-   $BUILD_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-build"
-   $INSTALL_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-pkg"
-   $VCPKG_ROOT = "C:\src\vcpkg"
-   $VCPKG_TARGET = "x64-windows-static" # 或 "x86-windows-static"
-   $VS_INSTALL_PATH = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community"
-   $VC_ARCH = "amd64" # 或 "x86"
-   $JOM = "$VCPKG_ROOT\downloads\tools\jom\jom-1.1.3\jom.exe" # 检查版本号
-   ```
-2. 定位到构建目录：
-   ```ps1
-   Remove-Item -Recurse -Force "$BUILD_DIR" # 根据需要进行全新构建
-   (New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force "$BUILD_DIR") -and (Set-Location "$BUILD_DIR")
-   ```
-3. 配置、构建、安装：
-   ```ps1
-   Import-Module "$VS_INSTALL_PATH\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll"
-   Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath "$VS_INSTALL_PATH" -SkipAutomaticLocation -DevCmdArguments "-arch=$VC_ARCH"
-   & "$VCPKG_ROOT\installed\$VCPKG_TARGET\tools\qt5\bin\qmake.exe" PREFIX="$INSTALL_DIR" "$SRC_DIR\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
-   & "$JOM" "-j${Env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}"
-   & "$JOM" install
-   ```
-
-在命令提示符中用 VS 2017 或更高版本构建：
-
-1. 从开始菜单中打开合适的 VC 环境。
-2. 设置相关变量：
-   ```bat
-   rem 即使路径含空格也不加引号
-   set SRC_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-src
-   set BUILD_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-build
-   set INSTALL_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-pkg
-   set VCPKG_ROOT=C:\src\vcpkg
-   rem 或 x86-windows-static
-   set VCPKG_TARGET=x64-windows-static
-   rem 检查版本号
-   set JOM=%VCPKG_ROOT%\downloads\tools\jom\jom-1.1.3\jom.exe
-   ```
-3. 定位到构建目录：
-   ```bat
-   rem 根据需要进行全新构建
-   rmdir /s /q "%BUILD_DIR%"
-   mkdir "%BUILD_DIR%" && cd /d "%BUILD_DIR%"
-   ```
-4. 配置、构建、安装：
-   ```bat
-   "%VCPKG_ROOT%\installed\%VCPKG_TARGET%\tools\qt5\bin\qmake.exe" PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
-   "%JOM%" -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
-   "%JOM%" install
-   ```
+  目录结构应该如下：
+  ```
+  D:
+  └─ myqt-32
+     ├─ bin
+     ├─ include
+     ├─ lib
+     └─ ...
+  ```
 
 # Linux
 
diff --git a/docs/detailed-build-win-cn.md b/docs/detailed-build-win-cn.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6751fcca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/detailed-build-win-cn.md
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# 详细构建指南——Windows
+
+| 库 + 工具链 \ 目标 | x86 | x64 | ARM64 |
+| ------------------ | --- | --- | ----- |
+| MSYS2 + 基于 GNU 的 MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+| MSYS2 + 基于 LLVM 的 MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
+| [Windows XP](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/qtbase-xp) + [MinGW UCRT](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/mingw-lite) | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+| Qt.io + MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+| Qt.io + MSVC | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+| vcpkg + MSVC | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+
+qmake 变量：
+- `PREFIX`：`$MAKE install` 的安装路径。
+- `WINDOWS_PREFER_OPENCONSOLE=ON`（make 阶段）：首选兼容 UTF-8 的 `OpenConsole.exe`。
+  - `OpenConsole.exe` 是 Windows 终端的组件，在 1.18 版本加入了 UTF-8 输出支持。
+  - `OpenConsole.exe` 需要 Windows 10 1809 加入的 ConPTY 接口。
+
+关于 ARM 上的 Windows 的注记：
+- 小熊猫C++ 只能在 Windows 11 ARM64 上构建 ARM64 版，成品应该能在 Windows 10 ARM64 上运行（但没有测试过）。
+  - 不支持 ARM64EC（“仿真兼容”）主机，即不能用 ARM64EC 工具链构建小熊猫 C++。
+  - （理论上）支持 ARM64EC 目标，也就是说，如果上游工具链支持 ARM64EC，那么小熊猫C++ 可以构建 ARM64EC 程序和库。
+- 随着 [Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 25905 弃用 ARM32](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/07/12/announcing-windows-11-insider-preview-build-25905/)，小熊猫 C++ 今后也不会添加 ARM32 支持了。
+
+## 在 MSYS2 环境中手动构建
+
+前置条件：
+
+0. Windows 8.1 x64 或更高版本，或 Windows 11 ARM64。
+1. 安装 MSYS2。
+2. 在选定的环境中，安装工具链和 Qt 5 库：
+   ```bash
+   pacman -S $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-toolchain $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-qt5-static
+   ```
+
+构建：
+
+1. 在选定的环境中，设置相关变量：
+   ```bash
+   SRC_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-src" # 以 “C:\src\redpanda-src” 为例
+   BUILD_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-build" # 以 “C:\src\redpanda-build” 为例
+   INSTALL_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-pkg" # 以 “C:\src\redpanda-pkg” 为例
+   ```
+2. 定位到构建目录：
+   ```bash
+   rm -rf "$BUILD_DIR" # 根据需要进行全新构建
+   mkdir -p "$BUILD_DIR" && cd "$BUILD_DIR"
+   ```
+3. 配置、构建、安装：
+   ```bash
+   $MSYSTEM_PREFIX/qt5-static/bin/qmake PREFIX="$INSTALL_DIR" "$SRC_DIR/Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+   mingw32-make -j$(nproc)
+   mingw32-make install
+   ```
+
+## Qt.io 的 Qt 库 + MinGW 工具链或 MSVC 工具链
+
+前置条件：
+
+0. Windows 7 x64 或更高版本。不支持 ARM64。
+1. 用 [Qt.io](https://www.qt.io/download-qt-installer-oss) 或[镜像站](https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/docs/qt)的在线安装器安装 Qt。
+   - 选中 Qt 库（“Qt” 组下的 “Qt 5.15.2” 小组，勾选 “MinGW 8.1.0 32-bit” “MinGW 8.1.0 64-bit” “MSVC 2019 32-bit” “MSVC 2019 64-bit” 中的至少一个）。
+   - 对于 MinGW 工具链，选中相应的工具链（“Qt” 组下的 “Developer and Designer Tools” 小组，“MinGW 8.1.0 32-bit” 或 “MinGW 8.1.0 64-bit”，匹配库的版本）。
+   - 根据需要，选中 Qt Creator（“Qt” 组下的 “Developer and Designer Tools” 小组，推荐在使用 MSVC 工具链时选中以支持并行构建）。
+2. 对于 MSVC 工具链，安装 Visual Studio 2019 或更高版本，或 “Visual Studio 构建工具 2019” 或更高版本，附带 “使用 C++ 的桌面开发” 工作负载。
+   - 在 “安装详细信息” 面板，“使用 C++ 的桌面开发” 之下，至少选择一个 “MSVC x86/x64 生成工具” 和一个 Windows SDK。
+
+构建：
+
+1. 从开始菜单中打开 Qt 环境。
+2. 在 Qt 环境中，设置相关变量：
+   ```bat
+   rem 即使路径含空格也不加引号
+   set SRC_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-src
+   set BUILD_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-build
+   set INSTALL_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-pkg
+   rem 仅 MSVC 工具链需要设置
+   set VS_INSTALL_PATH=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community
+   rem 仅 MSVC 工具链需要设置；或 x86
+   set VC_ARCH=amd64
+   rem 仅 MSVC 工具链需要；如果未安装 Qt Creator 则不要设置
+   set QT_CREATOR_DIR=C:\Qt\Tools\QtCreator
+   ```
+3. 定位到构建目录：
+   ```bat
+   rem 根据需要进行全新构建
+   rmdir /s /q "%BUILD_DIR%"
+   mkdir "%BUILD_DIR%" && cd /d "%BUILD_DIR%"
+   ```
+4. 配置、构建、安装。对于 MinGW 工具链：
+   ```bat
+   qmake PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+   mingw32-make -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
+   mingw32-make install
+   windeployqt "%INSTALL_DIR%\RedPandaIDE.exe"
+   ```
+   对于 MSVC 工具链：
+   ```bat
+   call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat" -arch=%VC_ARCH%
+   qmake PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+
+   set JOM=%QT_CREATOR_DIR%\bin\jom\jom.exe
+   if "%QT_CREATOR_DIR%" neq "" (
+      "%JOM%" -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
+      "%JOM%" install
+   ) else (
+      nmake
+      nmake install
+   )
+   windeployqt "%INSTALL_DIR%\RedPandaIDE.exe"
+   ```
+
+## 高级选项：vcpkg 的 Qt 静态库 + MSVC 工具链
+
+前置条件：
+
+0. Windows 7 x64 或更高版本。不支持 ARM64。
+   - 在全新安装的 Windows 7 上，依次安装以下组件：
+     1. SHA-2 代码签名支持（.NET Framework 4.8 的前置条件），
+     2. .NET Framework 4.8（Windows 管理框架 5.1 和 Visual Studio 的前置条件，也是 Git for Windows 的可选依赖），
+     3. Windows 管理框架 5.1（vcpkg 自举的前置条件）。
+1. 安装 Visual Studio 2017 或更高版本，或 “Visual Studio 构建工具 2017” 或更高版本，带有 “使用 C++ 的桌面开发” 工作负载。
+   - 在 “安装详细信息” 面板，“使用 C++ 的桌面开发” 之下，至少选择一个 “MSVC x86/x64 生成工具” 和一个 Windows SDK。
+2. 安装 [vcpkg 的独立版本](https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/blob/master/README_zh_CN.md#快速开始-windows)。
+   - 截至 2023.08.09，Windows 7 需要[一个补丁](./packages/windows/vcpkg-win7-2023.08.09.patch)以使用兼容的 Python 版本。受影响的文件可能会被修改，所以最好手动修改这些文件。
+3. 用 vcpkg 安装 Qt。
+   ```ps1
+   $TARGET = "x64-windows-static" # 或 "x86-windows-static"
+   vcpkg install qt5-base:$TARGET qt5-svg:$TARGET qt5-tools:$TARGET
+   ```
+
+在 PowerShell (Core) 或 Windows PowerShell 中用 VS 2019 或更高版本构建：
+
+1. 设置相关变量：
+   ```ps1
+   $SRC_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-src"
+   $BUILD_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-build"
+   $INSTALL_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-pkg"
+   $VCPKG_ROOT = "C:\src\vcpkg"
+   $VCPKG_TARGET = "x64-windows-static" # 或 "x86-windows-static"
+   $VS_INSTALL_PATH = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community"
+   $VC_ARCH = "amd64" # 或 "x86"
+   $JOM = "$VCPKG_ROOT\downloads\tools\jom\jom-1.1.3\jom.exe" # 检查版本号
+   ```
+2. 定位到构建目录：
+   ```ps1
+   Remove-Item -Recurse -Force "$BUILD_DIR" # 根据需要进行全新构建
+   (New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force "$BUILD_DIR") -and (Set-Location "$BUILD_DIR")
+   ```
+3. 配置、构建、安装：
+   ```ps1
+   Import-Module "$VS_INSTALL_PATH\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll"
+   Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath "$VS_INSTALL_PATH" -SkipAutomaticLocation -DevCmdArguments "-arch=$VC_ARCH"
+   & "$VCPKG_ROOT\installed\$VCPKG_TARGET\tools\qt5\bin\qmake.exe" PREFIX="$INSTALL_DIR" "$SRC_DIR\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+   & "$JOM" "-j${Env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}"
+   & "$JOM" install
+   ```
+
+在命令提示符中用 VS 2017 或更高版本构建：
+
+1. 从开始菜单中打开合适的 VC 环境。
+2. 设置相关变量：
+   ```bat
+   rem 即使路径含空格也不加引号
+   set SRC_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-src
+   set BUILD_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-build
+   set INSTALL_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-pkg
+   set VCPKG_ROOT=C:\src\vcpkg
+   rem 或 x86-windows-static
+   set VCPKG_TARGET=x64-windows-static
+   rem 检查版本号
+   set JOM=%VCPKG_ROOT%\downloads\tools\jom\jom-1.1.3\jom.exe
+   ```
+3. 定位到构建目录：
+   ```bat
+   rem 根据需要进行全新构建
+   rmdir /s /q "%BUILD_DIR%"
+   mkdir "%BUILD_DIR%" && cd /d "%BUILD_DIR%"
+   ```
+4. 配置、构建、安装：
+   ```bat
+   "%VCPKG_ROOT%\installed\%VCPKG_TARGET%\tools\qt5\bin\qmake.exe" PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+   "%JOM%" -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
+   "%JOM%" install
+   ```
diff --git a/docs/detailed-build-win.md b/docs/detailed-build-win.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3d90281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/detailed-build-win.md
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+# More Build Instructions for Windows
+
+| Library + Toolchain \ Target | x86 | x64 | ARM64 |
+| ---------------------------- | --- | --- | ----- |
+| MSYS2 + GNU-based MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+| MSYS2 + LLVM-based MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
+| [Windows XP](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/qtbase-xp) + [MinGW UCRT](https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/mingw-lite) | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+| Qt.io + MinGW | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+| Qt.io + MSVC | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+| vcpkg + MSVC | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
+
+qmake variables:
+- `PREFIX`: where `$MAKE install` installs files to.
+- `WINDOWS_PREFER_OPENCONSOLE=ON` (make phase): prefer UTF-8 compatible `OpenConsole.exe`.
+  - `OpenConsole.exe` is a part of Windows Terminal. UTF-8 input support was added in version 1.18.
+  - `OpenConsole.exe` requires ConPTY, which was introduced in Windows 10 1809.
+
+Notes for Windows on ARM:
+- Red Panda C++ can be built for ARM64 ABI only on Windows 11 ARM64, while it is supposed (but not tested) to run on Windows 10 ARM64.
+  - ARM64EC (“emulation compatible”) host is not supported, i.e., Red Panda C++ cannot be built with ARM64EC toolchain.
+  - ARM64EC target is (theoretically) supported, i.e. Red Panda C++ will build ARM64EC binaries if upstream toolchain supports ARM64EC.
+- With the [ARM32 deprecation in Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 25905](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/07/12/announcing-windows-11-insider-preview-build-25905/), ARM32 support will never be added.
+
+## Maunally Build in MSYS2
+
+Prerequisites:
+
+0. Windows 8.1 x64 or later, or Windows 11 ARM64.
+1. Install MSYS2.
+2. In selected environment, install toolchain and Qt 5 library:
+   ```bash
+   pacman -S \
+     $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-{toolchain,qt5-static} \
+     git
+   ```
+
+To build:
+
+1. In selected environment, set related variables:
+   ```bash
+   SRC_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-src" # “C:\src\redpanda-src” for example
+   BUILD_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-build" # “C:\src\redpanda-build” for example
+   INSTALL_DIR="/c/src/redpanda-pkg" # “C:\src\redpanda-pkg” for example
+   ```
+2. Navigate to build directory:
+   ```bash
+   rm -rf "$BUILD_DIR" # optional for clean build
+   mkdir -p "$BUILD_DIR" && cd "$BUILD_DIR"
+   ```
+3. Configure, build and install:
+   ```bash
+   $MSYSTEM_PREFIX/qt5-static/bin/qmake PREFIX="$INSTALL_DIR" "$SRC_DIR/Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+   mingw32-make -j$(nproc)
+   mingw32-make install
+   ```
+
+## Qt.io Qt Library with MinGW Toolchain or MSVC Toolchain
+
+Prerequisites:
+
+0. Windows 7 x64 or later. ARM64 is not supported.
+1. Install Qt with online installer from [Qt.io](https://www.qt.io/download-qt-installer-oss).
+   - Select the library (in _Qt_ group, _Qt 5.15.2_ subgroup, check at lease one of _MinGW 8.1.0 32-bit_, _MinGW 8.1.0 64-bit_, _MSVC 2019 32-bit_ or _MSVC 2019 64-bit_).
+   - For MinGW toolchain, select the toolchain (in _Qt_ group, _Developer and Designer Tools_ subgroup, check _MinGW 8.1.0 32-bit_ or _MinGW 8.1.0 64-bit_, matching the library).
+   - Optionally select Qt Creator (in _Qt_ group, _Developer and Designer Tools_ subgroup; recomended for MSVC toolchain for parallel build support).
+2. For MSVC toolchain, install Visual Studio 2019 or later, or Visual Studio Build Tools 2019 or later, with _Desktop Development with C++_ workload.
+   - In _Installation Details_ panel, under the _Desktop Development with C++_ workload, select at least one _MSVC x86/x64 build tools_ and one _Windows SDK_.
+
+To build:
+
+1. Launch Qt environment from Start Menu.
+2. In Qt environment, set related variables:
+   ```bat
+   rem no quotes even if path contains spaces
+   set SRC_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-src
+   set BUILD_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-build
+   set INSTALL_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-pkg
+   rem for MSVC toolchain
+   set VS_INSTALL_PATH=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community
+   rem for MSVC toolchain; or x86
+   set VC_ARCH=amd64
+   rem for MSVC toolchain; keep unset if Qt Creator is not installed
+   set QT_CREATOR_DIR=C:\Qt\Tools\QtCreator
+   ```
+3. Navigate to build directory:
+   ```bat
+   rem optional for clean build
+   rmdir /s /q "%BUILD_DIR%"
+   mkdir "%BUILD_DIR%" && cd /d "%BUILD_DIR%"
+   ```
+4. Configure, build and install. For MinGW toolchain:
+   ```bat
+   qmake PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+   mingw32-make -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
+   mingw32-make install
+   windeployqt "%INSTALL_DIR%\RedPandaIDE.exe"
+   ```
+   For MSVC toolchain:
+   ```bat
+   call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat" -arch=%VC_ARCH%
+   qmake PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+
+   set JOM=%QT_CREATOR_DIR%\bin\jom\jom.exe
+   if "%QT_CREATOR_DIR%" neq "" (
+      "%JOM%" -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
+      "%JOM%" install
+   ) else (
+      nmake
+      nmake install
+   )
+   windeployqt "%INSTALL_DIR%\RedPandaIDE.exe"
+   ```
+
+## Advanced Option: vcpkg Qt Static Library with MSVC Toolchain
+
+Prerequisites:
+
+0. Windows 7 x64 or later. ARM64 is not supported.
+   - For a fresh installation of Windows 7, install following components in order:
+     1. SHA-2 code signing support (prerequisite of .NET Framework 4.8),
+     2. .NET Framework 4.8 (prerequisite of Windows Management Framework 5.1 and Visual Studio; also optional dependency of Git for Windows),
+     3. Windows Management Framework 5.1 (prerequisite of vcpkg bootstrapping).
+1. Install Visual Studio 2017 or later, or Visual Studio Build Tools 2017 or later, with _Desktop Development with C++_ workload.
+   - In _Installation Details_ panel, under the _Desktop Development with C++_ workload, select at least one _MSVC x86/x64 build tools_ and one _Windows SDK_.
+2. Install [standalone vcpkg](https://vcpkg.io/en/getting-started).
+   - As of 2023.08.09, [a patch](./packages/windows/vcpkg-win7-2023.08.09.patch) is required for Windows 7 to use compatible version of Python. Affected files will change over time, so manually edit them to apply the patch.
+3. Install Qt with vcpkg.
+   ```ps1
+   $TARGET = "x64-windows-static" # or "x86-windows-static"
+   vcpkg install qt5-base:$TARGET qt5-svg:$TARGET qt5-tools:$TARGET
+   ```
+
+To build with VS 2019 or later in PowerShell (Core) or Windows PowerShell:
+
+1. Set related variables:
+   ```ps1
+   $SRC_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-src"
+   $BUILD_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-build"
+   $INSTALL_DIR = "C:\src\redpanda-pkg"
+   $VCPKG_ROOT = "C:\src\vcpkg"
+   $VCPKG_TARGET = "x64-windows-static" # or "x86-windows-static"
+   $VS_INSTALL_PATH = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community"
+   $VC_ARCH = "amd64" # or "x86"
+   $JOM = "$VCPKG_ROOT\downloads\tools\jom\jom-1.1.3\jom.exe" # check the version
+   ```
+2. Navigate to build directory:
+   ```ps1
+   Remove-Item -Recurse -Force "$BUILD_DIR" # optional for clean build
+   (New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force "$BUILD_DIR") -and (Set-Location "$BUILD_DIR")
+   ```
+3. Configure, build and install:
+   ```ps1
+   Import-Module "$VS_INSTALL_PATH\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll"
+   Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath "$VS_INSTALL_PATH" -SkipAutomaticLocation -DevCmdArguments "-arch=$VC_ARCH"
+   & "$VCPKG_ROOT\installed\$VCPKG_TARGET\tools\qt5\bin\qmake.exe" PREFIX="$INSTALL_DIR" "$SRC_DIR\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+   & "$JOM" "-j${Env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}"
+   & "$JOM" install
+   ```
+
+To build with VS 2017 or later in Command Prompt:
+
+1. Launch proper VC environment from Start Menu.
+2. Set related variables:
+   ```bat
+   rem no quotes even if path contains spaces
+   set SRC_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-src
+   set BUILD_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-build
+   set INSTALL_DIR=C:\src\redpanda-pkg
+   set VCPKG_ROOT=C:\src\vcpkg
+   rem or x86-windows-static
+   set VCPKG_TARGET=x64-windows-static
+   rem check the version
+   set JOM=%VCPKG_ROOT%\downloads\tools\jom\jom-1.1.3\jom.exe
+   ```
+3. Navigate to build directory:
+   ```bat
+   rem optional for clean build
+   rmdir /s /q "%BUILD_DIR%"
+   mkdir "%BUILD_DIR%" && cd /d "%BUILD_DIR%"
+   ```
+4. Configure, build and install:
+   ```bat
+   "%VCPKG_ROOT%\installed\%VCPKG_TARGET%\tools\qt5\bin\qmake.exe" PREFIX="%INSTALL_DIR%" "%SRC_DIR%\Red_Panda_CPP.pro"
+   "%JOM%" -j%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
+   "%JOM%" install
+   ```
diff --git a/packages/windows/build-qt5.6-mingw-static.sh b/packages/windows/build-qt5.6-mingw-static.sh
deleted file mode 100644
index 72094517..00000000
--- a/packages/windows/build-qt5.6-mingw-static.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-# for Git Bash
-
-# Usage:
-#   ./build-qt5.6-mingw-static.sh --arch <32|64> [--debug] [--official-qt-dir <path>]
-
-set -euo pipefail
-
-_ARCH=""
-_CLEAN=0
-_DEBUG=0
-_OFFICIAL_QT_DIR="/c/Qt"
-while [[ $# -gt 0 ]] ; do
-    case "$1" in
-        --arch)
-            _ARCH="$2"
-            shift
-            shift
-            ;;
-        --clean)
-            _CLEAN=1
-            shift
-            ;;
-        --debug)
-            _DEBUG=1
-            shift
-            ;;
-        --official-qt-dir)
-            _OFFICIAL_QT_DIR="$2"
-            shift
-            shift
-            ;;
-        *)
-            echo "Unknown option: $1"
-            exit 1
-            ;;
-    esac
-done
-
-case "$_ARCH" in
-    32|64)
-        _MINGW_TOOLCHAIN="$_OFFICIAL_QT_DIR/Tools/mingw810_$_ARCH"
-        _QT_INSTALL_PREFIX="$_OFFICIAL_QT_DIR/5.6.4/mingw81_$_ARCH-redpanda"
-        ;;
-    *)
-        echo "Please specify --arch 32 or --arch 64"
-        exit 1
-        ;;
-esac
-
-if [[ $_DEBUG -eq 1 ]] ; then
-    _QT_CONFIGURE_DEBUG_OR_RELEASE=-debug-and-release
-else
-    _QT_CONFIGURE_DEBUG_OR_RELEASE=-release
-fi
-
-clean() {
-    rm -rf build-qt{base,svg,tools}-"$_ARCH" || true
-    rm -rf "$_QT_INSTALL_PREFIX" || true
-}
-
-check-toolchain() {
-    if ! [[ -x "$_MINGW_TOOLCHAIN/bin/g++.exe" ]] ; then
-        echo "Please install MinGW 8.1 from Qt Maintenance Tool or download from https://download.qt.io/online/qtsdkrepository/windows_x86/desktop/tools_mingw/ or https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/qtproject/online/qtsdkrepository/windows_x86/desktop/tools_mingw/ and extract to $_OFFICAL_QT_DIR."
-        exit 1
-    fi
-}
-
-check-qt-sources() {
-    while ! [[ -d qtbase ]] ; do
-        echo "Please clone or link qtbase into this directory. e.g."
-        echo "    git clone https://github.com/redpanda-cpp/qtbase-5.6.git --branch=5.6-redpanda --depth=1 qtbase"
-        echo "    MSYS=winsymlinks:nativestrict ln -s /path/to/qtbase-5.6 qtbase"
-        echo "Press enter to continue..."
-        read
-    done
-    while ! [[ -d qtsvg ]] ; do
-        echo "Please clone or link qtsvg into this directory. e.g."
-        echo "    git clone https://github.com/qt/qtsvg.git --branch=5.6 --depth=1"
-        echo "Press enter to continue..."
-        read
-    done
-    while ! [[ -d qttools ]] ; do
-        echo "Please clone or link qttools into this directory. e.g."
-        echo "    git clone https://github.com/qt/qttools.git --branch=5.6 --depth=1"
-        echo "Press enter to continue..."
-        read
-    done
-}
-
-build-qt-base() {
-    local build_dir="build-qtbase-$_ARCH"
-    mkdir -p "$build_dir"
-    pushd "$build_dir"
-    {
-        "../qtbase/configure.bat" \
-            -prefix "$_QT_INSTALL_PREFIX" "$_QT_CONFIGURE_DEBUG_OR_RELEASE" \
-            -opensource -confirm-license \
-            -no-use-gold-linker -static -static-runtime -platform win32-g++ -target xp \
-            -opengl desktop -no-angle -iconv -gnu-iconv -no-icu -qt-zlib -qt-pcre -qt-libpng -qt-libjpeg -qt-freetype -no-fontconfig -qt-harfbuzz -no-ssl -no-openssl \
-            -nomake examples -nomake tests -nomake tools
-        mingw32-make "-j$(nproc)"
-        mingw32-make install
-    }
-    popd
-}
-
-build-qt-module() {
-    local module_name="$1"
-    local build_dir="build-qt$module_name-$_ARCH"
-    mkdir -p "$build_dir"
-    pushd "$build_dir"
-    {
-        qmake "../qt$module_name"
-        mingw32-make "-j$(nproc)"
-        mingw32-make install
-    }
-    popd
-}
-
-export PATH="$_QT_INSTALL_PREFIX/bin:$_MINGW_TOOLCHAIN/bin:$PATH"
-
-[[ $_CLEAN -eq 1 ]] && clean
-check-toolchain
-check-qt-sources
-build-qt-base
-build-qt-module svg
-build-qt-module tools