diff --git a/RedPandaIDE/addon/api.cpp b/RedPandaIDE/addon/api.cpp
index 8c253010..fd47246d 100644
--- a/RedPandaIDE/addon/api.cpp
+++ b/RedPandaIDE/addon/api.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #include <QStyleFactory>
 #include <QJsonValue>
 #include <QMessageBox>
+#include <QRegularExpression>
+#include <chrono>
 
 #ifdef Q_OS_WINDOWS
 # include <windows.h>
@@ -236,6 +238,23 @@ extern "C" int luaApi_FileSystem_isExecutable(lua_State *L) noexcept {
     return 1;
 }
 
+// C_FileSystem.matchFiles(string, string) -> {string}
+extern "C" int luaApi_FileSystem_matchFiles(lua_State *L) noexcept {
+    QString dir = AddOn::RaiiLuaState::fetchString(L, 1);
+    QString pattern = AddOn::RaiiLuaState::fetchString(L, 2);
+    QRegularExpression re(pattern);
+    QStringList result;
+    QDirIterator it(dir, QDir::Files);
+    while (it.hasNext()) {
+        it.next();
+        if (re.match(it.fileName()).hasMatch())
+            result.append(it.fileName());
+    }
+    std::sort(result.begin(), result.end());
+    AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, result);
+    return 1;
+}
+
 // C_System.appArch() -> string
 extern "C" int luaApi_System_appArch(lua_State *L) noexcept {
     AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, appArch());
@@ -269,6 +288,104 @@ extern "C" int luaApi_System_osArch(lua_State *L) noexcept {
     return 1;
 }
 
+void luaApiImpl_System_popen(lua_State *L) {
+    using namespace std::chrono;
+    QMetaEnum exitStatusEnum = QMetaEnum::fromType<QProcess::ExitStatus>();
+    QMetaEnum processErrorEnum = QMetaEnum::fromType<QProcess::ProcessError>();
+
+    QString prog = AddOn::RaiiLuaState::fetchString(L, 1);
+    QStringList args;
+    try {
+        QJsonArray argsArray = AddOn::RaiiLuaState::fetchArray(L, 2);
+        for (const QJsonValue &arg : argsArray)
+            args.append(arg.toString());
+    } catch (const AddOn::LuaError &e) {
+        QString reason = e.reason() + " ('C_System.popen' argument #2)";
+        throw AddOn::LuaError(reason);
+    }
+
+    // fetch and normalize timeout
+    microseconds timeout;
+    AddOn::LuaExtraState &extraState = AddOn::RaiiLuaState::extraState(L);
+    try {
+        QJsonObject option;
+        if (lua_type(L, 3) == LUA_TTABLE)
+            option = AddOn::RaiiLuaState::fetchObject(L, 3);
+        if (option.contains("timeout"))
+            timeout = milliseconds(option["timeout"].toInt());
+        else
+            timeout = AddOn::RaiiLuaState::extraState(L).timeLimit;
+    } catch (const AddOn::LuaError &e) {
+        QString reason = e.reason() + " ('C_System.popen' argument #3)";
+        throw AddOn::LuaError(reason);
+    }
+    time_point<system_clock> deadline = system_clock::now() + timeout;
+    if (deadline > extraState.timeStart + timeout) {
+        deadline = extraState.timeStart + timeout;
+        timeout = duration_cast<microseconds>(deadline - system_clock::now());
+    }
+
+    QProcess process;
+    process.setProgram(prog);
+    process.setArguments(args);
+    process.start(QIODevice::ReadOnly);
+    if (!process.waitForStarted(duration_cast<milliseconds>(timeout).count())) {
+        QJsonObject result{
+            {"exitStatus", exitStatusEnum.valueToKey(QProcess::CrashExit)},
+            {"error", processErrorEnum.valueToKey(process.error())},
+        };
+        AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, "");
+        AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, "");
+        AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, result);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    process.closeWriteChannel();
+    timeout = duration_cast<microseconds>(deadline - system_clock::now());
+    process.waitForFinished(duration_cast<milliseconds>(timeout).count());
+
+    QByteArray stdoutData = process.readAllStandardOutput();
+    QByteArray stderrData = process.readAllStandardError();
+
+    if (
+        QProcess::ExitStatus exitStatus = process.exitStatus();
+        exitStatus == QProcess::NormalExit
+    ) {
+        QJsonObject result{
+            {"exitStatus", exitStatusEnum.valueToKey(exitStatus)},
+            {"exitCode", process.exitCode()},
+        };
+        AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, QString::fromUtf8(stdoutData));
+        AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, QString::fromUtf8(stderrData));
+        AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, result);
+    } else {
+        QJsonObject result{
+            {"exitStatus", exitStatusEnum.valueToKey(exitStatus)},
+            {"error", processErrorEnum.valueToKey(process.error())},
+        };
+        AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, "");
+        AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, QString::fromUtf8(stderrData));
+        AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, result);
+    }
+}
+
+// C_System.popen(string, {string}, PopenOption) -> string, string, PopenResult
+extern "C" int luaApi_System_popen(lua_State *L) noexcept {
+    bool error = false;
+    try {
+        luaApiImpl_System_popen(L);
+    } catch (const AddOn::LuaError &e) {
+        error = true;
+        AddOn::RaiiLuaState::push(L, e.reason());
+    }
+    if (error) {
+        lua_error(L); // longjmp, never returns
+        __builtin_unreachable();
+    } else {
+        return 3;
+    }
+}
+
 static QString qtArchitectureNormalization(const QString &arch) {
     // adjust QEMU user emulation arches to match QSysInfo::currentCpuArchitecture
     if (arch == "aarch64")
diff --git a/RedPandaIDE/addon/api.h b/RedPandaIDE/addon/api.h
index 6afd92e5..234adc5d 100644
--- a/RedPandaIDE/addon/api.h
+++ b/RedPandaIDE/addon/api.h
@@ -30,12 +30,14 @@ extern "C" int luaApi_Desktop_systemStyle(lua_State *L) noexcept;
 
 extern "C" int luaApi_FileSystem_exists(lua_State *L) noexcept;
 extern "C" int luaApi_FileSystem_isExecutable(lua_State *L) noexcept;
+extern "C" int luaApi_FileSystem_matchFiles(lua_State *L) noexcept;
 
 extern "C" int luaApi_System_appArch(lua_State *L) noexcept;
 extern "C" int luaApi_System_appDir(lua_State *L) noexcept;
 extern "C" int luaApi_System_appLibexecDir(lua_State *L) noexcept;
 extern "C" int luaApi_System_appResourceDir(lua_State *L) noexcept;
 extern "C" int luaApi_System_osArch(lua_State *L) noexcept;
+extern "C" int luaApi_System_popen(lua_State *L) noexcept;
 extern "C" int luaApi_System_supportedAppArchList(lua_State *L) noexcept;
 #ifdef Q_OS_WINDOWS
 extern "C" int luaApi_System_readRegistry(lua_State *L) noexcept;
diff --git a/RedPandaIDE/addon/executor.cpp b/RedPandaIDE/addon/executor.cpp
index 08efb4eb..2b25fba4 100644
--- a/RedPandaIDE/addon/executor.cpp
+++ b/RedPandaIDE/addon/executor.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ static QMap<QString, QMap<QString, lua_CFunction>> apiGroups{
      {
          {"exists", &luaApi_FileSystem_exists},             // (string) -> bool
          {"isExecutable", &luaApi_FileSystem_isExecutable}, // (string) -> bool
+         {"matchFiles", &luaApi_FileSystem_matchFiles},     // (string, string) -> [string]
      }},
     {"C_System",
      {
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ static QMap<QString, QMap<QString, lua_CFunction>> apiGroups{
          {"appLibexecDir", &luaApi_System_appLibexecDir},   // () -> string
          {"appResourceDir", &luaApi_System_appResourceDir}, // () -> string
          {"osArch", &luaApi_System_osArch},                 // () -> string
+         {"popen", &luaApi_System_popen},
          {"supportedAppArchList",
           &luaApi_System_supportedAppArchList}, // () -> string
 #ifdef Q_OS_WINDOWS
@@ -161,7 +163,7 @@ QJsonValue SimpleExecutor::runScript(const QByteArray &script,
 }
 
 CompilerHintExecutor::CompilerHintExecutor() : SimpleExecutor(
-    "compiler_hint", 0, 1,
+    "compiler_hint", 0, 2,
     {"C_Debug", "C_Desktop", "C_FileSystem", "C_System", "C_Util"})
 {
 }
diff --git a/RedPandaIDE/addon/runtime.cpp b/RedPandaIDE/addon/runtime.cpp
index 2b374326..e039e138 100644
--- a/RedPandaIDE/addon/runtime.cpp
+++ b/RedPandaIDE/addon/runtime.cpp
@@ -98,6 +98,11 @@ QString RaiiLuaState::fetchString(lua_State *L, int index)
     return lua_tostring(L, index);
 }
 
+QJsonArray RaiiLuaState::fetchArray(lua_State *L, int index)
+{
+    return fetchTableImpl(L, index, 0).toArray();
+}
+
 QJsonObject RaiiLuaState::fetchObject(lua_State *L, int index)
 {
     return fetchTableImpl(L, index, 0).toObject();
@@ -183,6 +188,16 @@ void RaiiLuaState::push(lua_State *L, const QStringList &value)
     }
 }
 
+void RaiiLuaState::push(lua_State *L, const QJsonArray &value)
+{
+    pushArrayImpl(L, value, 0);
+}
+
+void RaiiLuaState::push(lua_State *L, const QJsonObject &value)
+{
+    pushObjectImpl(L, value, 0);
+}
+
 int RaiiLuaState::getTop()
 {
     return lua_gettop(mLua);
@@ -313,6 +328,56 @@ QJsonValue RaiiLuaState::fetchValueImpl(lua_State *L, int index, int depth)
     }
 }
 
+void RaiiLuaState::pushArrayImpl(lua_State *L, const QJsonArray &value, int depth)
+{
+    if (depth == 1)
+        // check stack size at first recursion to avoid multiple reallocations
+        lua_checkstack(L, LUA_STACK_SIZE);
+    if (depth > TABLE_MAX_DEPTH)
+        throw LuaError("Lua runtime error: table nested too deeply");
+
+    lua_newtable(L);
+    for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
+        push(L, i + 1);
+        pushValueImpl(L, value[i], depth);
+        lua_settable(L, -3);
+    }
+}
+
+void RaiiLuaState::pushObjectImpl(lua_State *L, const QJsonObject &value, int depth)
+{
+    if (depth == 1)
+        // check stack size at first recursion to avoid multiple reallocations
+        lua_checkstack(L, LUA_STACK_SIZE);
+    if (depth > TABLE_MAX_DEPTH)
+        throw LuaError("Lua runtime error: table nested too deeply");
+
+    lua_newtable(L);
+    for (auto it = value.begin(); it != value.end(); ++it) {
+        push(L, it.key());
+        pushValueImpl(L, it.value(), depth);
+        lua_settable(L, -3);
+    }
+}
+
+void RaiiLuaState::pushValueImpl(lua_State *L, const QJsonValue &value, int depth)
+{
+    if (value.isNull())
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+    else if (value.isBool())
+        lua_pushboolean(L, value.toBool());
+    else if (value.isDouble())
+        lua_pushnumber(L, value.toDouble());
+    else if (value.isString())
+        lua_pushstring(L, value.toString().toUtf8().constData());
+    else if (value.isObject())
+        pushObjectImpl(L, value.toObject(), depth + 1);
+    else if (value.isArray())
+        pushArrayImpl(L, value.toArray(), depth + 1);
+    else
+        throw LuaError("Lua type error: unknown type.");
+}
+
 QHash<lua_State *, LuaExtraState> RaiiLuaState::mExtraState;
 
 } // namespace AddOn
diff --git a/RedPandaIDE/addon/runtime.h b/RedPandaIDE/addon/runtime.h
index c5b2c8b3..32cf5f7b 100644
--- a/RedPandaIDE/addon/runtime.h
+++ b/RedPandaIDE/addon/runtime.h
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ public:
     static long long fetchInteger(lua_State *L, int index);
     static double fetchNumber(lua_State *L, int index);
     static QString fetchString(lua_State *L, int index);
+    static QJsonArray fetchArray(lua_State *L, int index);
     static QJsonObject fetchObject(lua_State *L, int index);
     static QJsonValue fetch(lua_State *L, int index);
 
@@ -88,6 +89,8 @@ public:
     static void push(lua_State *L, bool value);
     static void push(lua_State *L, const QString &value);
     static void push(lua_State *L, const QStringList &value);
+    static void push(lua_State *L, const QJsonArray &value);
+    static void push(lua_State *L, const QJsonObject &value);
 
     int getTop();
     static int getTop(lua_State *L);
@@ -107,6 +110,10 @@ private:
     static QJsonValue fetchTableImpl(lua_State *L, int index, int depth);
     static QJsonValue fetchValueImpl(lua_State *L, int index, int depth);
 
+    static void pushArrayImpl(lua_State *L, const QJsonArray &value, int depth);
+    static void pushObjectImpl(lua_State *L, const QJsonObject &value, int depth);
+    static void pushValueImpl(lua_State *L, const QJsonValue &value, int depth);
+
 private:
     lua_State *mLua;
     static QHash<lua_State *, LuaExtraState> mExtraState;
diff --git a/addon/compiler_hint/archlinux.tl b/addon/compiler_hint/archlinux.tl
index 94518103..3241b02d 100644
--- a/addon/compiler_hint/archlinux.tl
+++ b/addon/compiler_hint/archlinux.tl
@@ -2,73 +2,77 @@ global function apiVersion(): ApiVersion
     return {
         kind = "compiler_hint",
         major = 0,
-        minor = 1,
+        minor = 2,
     }
 end
 
-local nameMap: {string:{string:string}} = {
-    systemGcc = {
-        en_US = "System GCC",
-        pt_BR = "GCC do sistema",
-        zh_CN = "系统 GCC",
-        zh_TW = "系統 GCC",
+local enum CompilerKind
+    "system"
+    "multilib"
+    "cross"
+    "mingw"
+end
+
+local compilerNameTemplate: {CompilerKind:{string:string}} = {
+    system = {
+        en_US = "System %1, %2",
+        pt_BR = "%1 sistema, %2",
+        zh_CN = "系统 %1，%2",
+        zh_TW = "系統 %1，%2",
     },
-    systemClang = {
-        en_US = "System Clang",
-        pt_BR = "Clang do sistema",
-        zh_CN = "系统 Clang",
-        zh_TW = "系統 Clang",
+    multilib = {
+        en_US = "Multilib %1, %2",
+        pt_BR = "%1 multilib, %2",
+        zh_CN = "Multilib %1，%2",
+        zh_TW = "Multilib %1，%2",
     },
-    multilibGcc = {
-        en_US = "Multilib GCC",
-        pt_BR = "GCC multilib",
-        zh_CN = "Multilib GCC",
-        zh_TW = "Multilib GCC",
+    cross = {
+        en_US = "Cross %1 %3, %2",
+        pt_BR = "%1 cruzado %3, %2",
+        zh_CN = "交叉编译 %1 %3，%2",
+        zh_TW = "交叉編譯 %1 %3，%2",
     },
-    multilibClang = {
-        en_US = "Multilib Clang",
-        pt_BR = "Clang multilib",
-        zh_CN = "Multilib Clang",
-        zh_TW = "Multilib Clang",
-    },
-    crossGcc = {
-        en_US = "Cross GCC",
-        pt_BR = "GCC cruzado",
-        zh_CN = "交叉编译 GCC",
-        zh_TW = "交叉編譯 GCC",
-    },
-    mingwGcc = {
-        en_US = "MinGW GCC",
-        pt_BR = "GCC MinGW",
-        zh_CN = "MinGW GCC",
-        zh_TW = "MinGW GCC",
-    },
-    mingwClang = {
-        en_US = "MinGW Clang",
-        pt_BR = "Clang MinGW",
-        zh_CN = "MinGW Clang",
-        zh_TW = "MinGW Clang",
-    },
-    release = {
-        en_US = ", release",
-        pt_BR = ", lançamento",
-        zh_CN = "，发布",
-        zh_TW = "，發佈",
-    },
-    debug = {
-        en_US = ", debug",
-        pt_BR = ", depuração",
-        zh_CN = "，调试",
-        zh_TW = "，偵錯",
-    },
-    debugWithAsan = {
-        en_US = ", debug with ASan",
-        pt_BR = ", depuração com ASan",
-        zh_CN = "，ASan 调试",
-        zh_TW = "，ASan 偵錯",
+    mingw = {
+        en_US = "MinGW %1 %3, %2",
+        pt_BR = "MinGW %1 %3, %2",
+        zh_CN = "MinGW %1 %3，%2",
+        zh_TW = "MinGW %1 %3，%2",
     },
 }
 
+local enum Profile
+    "release"
+    "debug"
+    "debugWithAsan"
+end
+
+local profileNameMap: {Profile:{string:string}} = {
+    release = {
+        en_US = "release",
+        pt_BR = "lançamento",
+        zh_CN = "发布",
+        zh_TW = "發佈",
+    },
+    debug = {
+        en_US = "debug",
+        pt_BR = "depuração",
+        zh_CN = "调试",
+        zh_TW = "偵錯",
+    },
+    debugWithAsan = {
+        en_US = "debug with ASan",
+        pt_BR = "depuração com ASan",
+        zh_CN = "ASan 调试",
+        zh_TW = "ASan 偵錯",
+    },
+}
+
+local function nameGenerator(lang: string, name: string, kind: CompilerKind, profile: Profile, arch: string | nil): string
+    local template = compilerNameTemplate[kind][lang] or compilerNameTemplate[kind].en_US
+    local profileName = profileNameMap[profile][lang] or profileNameMap[profile].en_US
+    return C_Util.format(template, name, profileName, arch)
+end
+
 local function mergeCompilerSet(compilerSet: CompilerHint.CompilerSet, other: CompilerHint.CompilerSet)
     local c = compilerSet as {string:any}
     local o = other as {string:any}
@@ -78,16 +82,14 @@ local function mergeCompilerSet(compilerSet: CompilerHint.CompilerSet, other: Co
 end
 
 local record Config
-    isMultilib: boolean | nil
-    isMingw: boolean | nil
-    isClang: boolean | nil
     customCompileParams: {string} | nil
     customLinkParams: {string} | nil
+    arch: string | nil
     triplet: string | nil
 end
 
 local function generateConfig(
-    name: string, lang: string,
+    lang: string, name: string, kind: CompilerKind,
     cCompiler: string, cxxCompiler: string,
     config: Config
 ): CompilerHint.CompilerSet, CompilerHint.CompilerSet, CompilerHint.CompilerSet
@@ -97,11 +99,11 @@ local function generateConfig(
         debugger = "/usr/bin/gdb",
         debugServer = "/usr/bin/gdbserver",
         make = "/usr/bin/make",
-        compilerType = config.isClang and "Clang" or "GCC_UTF8",
+        compilerType = name:sub(1, 5) == "Clang" and "Clang" or "GCC_UTF8",
         preprocessingSuffix = ".i",
         compilationProperSuffix = ".s",
         assemblingSuffix = ".o",
-        executableSuffix = config.isMingw and ".exe" or "",
+        executableSuffix = kind == "mingw" and ".exe" or "",
         compilationStage = 3,
         ccCmdOptUsePipe = "on",
         ccCmdOptWarningAll = "on",
@@ -109,10 +111,10 @@ local function generateConfig(
         ccCmdOptCheckIsoConformance = "on",
         binDirs = {"/usr/bin"},
     }
-    if config.isMultilib then
+    if kind == "multilib" then
         commonOptions.ccCmdOptPointerSize = "32"
     end
-    if config.isMingw then
+    if kind == "mingw" then
         commonOptions.resourceCompiler = "/usr/bin/" .. config.triplet .. "-windres"
     end
     if config.customCompileParams then
@@ -122,17 +124,17 @@ local function generateConfig(
         commonOptions.customLinkParams = config.customLinkParams
     end
     local release = {
-        name = name .. (nameMap.release[lang] or nameMap.release.en_US),
+        name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "release", config.arch),
         staticLink = true,
         linkCmdOptStripExe = "on",
         ccCmdOptOptimize = "2",
     }
     local debug_ = {
-        name = name .. (nameMap.debug[lang] or nameMap.debug.en_US),
+        name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "debug", config.arch),
         ccCmdOptDebugInfo = "on",
     }
     local debugWithAsan = {
-        name = name .. (nameMap.debugWithAsan[lang] or nameMap.debugWithAsan.en_US),
+        name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "debugWithAsan", config.arch),
         ccCmdOptDebugInfo = "on",
         ccCmdOptAddressSanitizer = "address",
     }
@@ -151,8 +153,20 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
 
     do
         local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-            nameMap.systemGcc[lang] or nameMap.systemGcc.en_US, lang,
-            "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+            lang, "GCC", "system", "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+            {}
+        )
+        table.insert(compilerList, release)
+        table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
+        table.insert(compilerList, debugWithAsan)
+    end
+
+    local versionedGccs = C_FileSystem.matchFiles("/usr/bin", "^gcc-[0-9]+$")
+    for _, gcc in ipairs(versionedGccs) do
+        local version = gcc:sub(5)
+        local name = "GCC " .. version
+        local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
+            lang, name, "system", "/usr/bin/" .. gcc, "/usr/bin/g++-" .. version,
             {}
         )
         table.insert(compilerList, release)
@@ -162,9 +176,8 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
 
     if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
         local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-            nameMap.systemClang[lang] or nameMap.systemClang.en_US, lang,
-            "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
-            {isClang = true}
+            lang, "Clang", "system", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+            {}
         )
         table.insert(compilerList, release)
         table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
@@ -175,9 +188,8 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
     if arch == "x86_64" and C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/lib32/libstdc++.so") then
         do
             local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-                nameMap.multilibGcc[lang] or nameMap.multilibGcc.en_US, lang,
-                "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
-                {isMultilib = true}
+                lang, "GCC", "multilib", "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+                {}
             )
             table.insert(compilerList, release)
             table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
@@ -186,9 +198,8 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
 
         if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
             local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-                nameMap.multilibClang[lang] or nameMap.multilibClang.en_US, lang,
-                "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
-                {isClang = true, isMultilib = true}
+                lang, "Clang", "multilib", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+                {}
             )
             table.insert(compilerList, release)
             table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
@@ -203,9 +214,9 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
         C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc")
     ) then
         local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-            (nameMap.crossGcc[lang] or nameMap.crossGcc.en_US) .. " aarch64", lang,
+            lang, "GCC", "cross",
             "/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc", "/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++",
-            {}
+            {arch = "aarch64"}
         )
         table.insert(compilerList, release)
     end
@@ -225,10 +236,10 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
 
             do
                 local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-                    (nameMap.mingwGcc[lang] or nameMap.mingwGcc.en_US) .. " x86_64", lang,
+                    lang, "GCC", "mingw",
                     "/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc", "/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++",
                     {
-                        isMingw = true,
+                        arch = "x86_64",
                         triplet = "x86_64-w64-mingw32",
                         customLinkParams = {extraObjects.utf8init, extraObjects.utf8manifest},
                     }
@@ -239,11 +250,9 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
             -- system Clang can target Windows
             if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
                 local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-                    (nameMap.mingwClang[lang] or nameMap.mingwClang.en_US) .. " x86_64", lang,
-                    "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+                    lang, "Clang", "mingw", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
                     {
-                        isClang = true,
-                        isMingw = true,
+                        arch = "x86_64",
                         triplet = "x86_64-w64-mingw32",
                         customCompileParams = {"-target", "x86_64-w64-mingw32"},
                         customLinkParams = {
@@ -265,10 +274,10 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
 
             do
                 local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-                    (nameMap.mingwGcc[lang] or nameMap.mingwGcc.en_US) .. " i686", lang,
+                    lang, "GCC", "mingw",
                     "/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc", "/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-g++",
                     {
-                        isMingw = true,
+                        arch = "i686",
                         triplet = "i686-w64-mingw32",
                         customLinkParams = {extraObjects.utf8init, extraObjects.utf8manifest},
                     }
@@ -279,11 +288,10 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
             -- system Clang can target Windows
             if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
                 local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-                    (nameMap.mingwClang[lang] or nameMap.mingwClang.en_US) .. " i686", lang,
+                    lang, "Clang", "mingw",
                     "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
                     {
-                        isClang = true,
-                        isMingw = true,
+                        arch = "i686",
                         triplet = "i686-w64-mingw32",
                         customCompileParams = {"-target", "i686-w64-mingw32"},
                         customLinkParams = {
diff --git a/addon/compiler_hint/debian.tl b/addon/compiler_hint/debian.tl
index 75bf7bd1..f2187394 100644
--- a/addon/compiler_hint/debian.tl
+++ b/addon/compiler_hint/debian.tl
@@ -2,61 +2,84 @@ global function apiVersion(): ApiVersion
     return {
         kind = "compiler_hint",
         major = 0,
-        minor = 1,
+        minor = 2,
     }
 end
 
-local nameMap: {string:{string:string}} = {
-    systemGcc = {
-        en_US = "System GCC",
-        pt_BR = "GCC do sistema",
-        zh_CN = "系统 GCC",
-        zh_TW = "系統 GCC",
+local enum CompilerKind
+    "system"
+    "multilib"
+    "libx32"
+    "cross"
+    "mingw"
+end
+
+local compilerNameTemplate: {CompilerKind:{string:string}} = {
+    system = {
+        en_US = "System %1, %2",
+        pt_BR = "%1 sistema, %2",
+        zh_CN = "系统 %1，%2",
+        zh_TW = "系統 %1，%2",
     },
-    systemClang = {
-        en_US = "System Clang",
-        pt_BR = "Clang do sistema",
-        zh_CN = "系统 Clang",
-        zh_TW = "系統 Clang",
+    multilib = {
+        en_US = "Multilib %1, %2",
+        pt_BR = "%1 multilib, %2",
+        zh_CN = "Multilib %1，%2",
+        zh_TW = "Multilib %1，%2",
     },
-    multilibGcc = {
-        en_US = "Multilib GCC",
-        pt_BR = "GCC multilib",
-        zh_CN = "Multilib GCC",
-        zh_TW = "Multilib GCC",
+    libx32 = {
+        en_US = "Libx32 %1, %2",
+        pt_BR = "%1 libx32, %2",
+        zh_CN = "Libx32 %1，%2",
+        zh_TW = "Libx32 %1，%2",
     },
-    multilibClang = {
-        en_US = "Multilib Clang",
-        pt_BR = "Clang multilib",
-        zh_CN = "Multilib Clang",
-        zh_TW = "Multilib Clang",
+    cross = {
+        en_US = "Cross %1 %3, %2",
+        pt_BR = "%1 cruzado %3, %2",
+        zh_CN = "交叉编译 %1 %3，%2",
+        zh_TW = "交叉編譯 %1 %3，%2",
     },
-    mingwGcc = {
-        en_US = "MinGW GCC",
-        pt_BR = "GCC MinGW",
-        zh_CN = "MinGW GCC",
-        zh_TW = "MinGW GCC",
-    },
-    release = {
-        en_US = ", release",
-        pt_BR = ", lançamento",
-        zh_CN = "，发布",
-        zh_TW = "，發佈",
-    },
-    debug = {
-        en_US = ", debug",
-        pt_BR = ", depuração",
-        zh_CN = "，调试",
-        zh_TW = "，偵錯",
-    },
-    debugWithAsan = {
-        en_US = ", debug with ASan",
-        pt_BR = ", depuração com ASan",
-        zh_CN = "，ASan 调试",
-        zh_TW = "，ASan 偵錯",
+    mingw = {
+        en_US = "MinGW %1 %3, %2",
+        pt_BR = "MinGW %1 %3, %2",
+        zh_CN = "MinGW %1 %3，%2",
+        zh_TW = "MinGW %1 %3，%2",
     },
 }
 
+local enum Profile
+    "release"
+    "debug"
+    "debugWithAsan"
+end
+
+local profileNameMap: {Profile:{string:string}} = {
+    release = {
+        en_US = "release",
+        pt_BR = "lançamento",
+        zh_CN = "发布",
+        zh_TW = "發佈",
+    },
+    debug = {
+        en_US = "debug",
+        pt_BR = "depuração",
+        zh_CN = "调试",
+        zh_TW = "偵錯",
+    },
+    debugWithAsan = {
+        en_US = "debug with ASan",
+        pt_BR = "depuração com ASan",
+        zh_CN = "ASan 调试",
+        zh_TW = "ASan 偵錯",
+    },
+}
+
+local function nameGenerator(lang: string, name: string, kind: CompilerKind, profile: Profile, arch: string | nil): string
+    local template = compilerNameTemplate[kind][lang] or compilerNameTemplate[kind].en_US
+    local profileName = profileNameMap[profile][lang] or profileNameMap[profile].en_US
+    return C_Util.format(template, name, profileName, arch)
+end
+
 local function mergeCompilerSet(compilerSet: CompilerHint.CompilerSet, other: CompilerHint.CompilerSet)
     local c = compilerSet as {string:any}
     local o = other as {string:any}
@@ -66,16 +89,14 @@ local function mergeCompilerSet(compilerSet: CompilerHint.CompilerSet, other: Co
 end
 
 local record Config
-    isMultilib: boolean | nil
-    isMingw: boolean | nil
-    isClang: boolean | nil
     customCompileParams: {string} | nil
     customLinkParams: {string} | nil
+    arch: string | nil
     triplet: string | nil
 end
 
 local function generateConfig(
-    name: string, lang: string,
+    lang: string, name: string, kind: CompilerKind,
     cCompiler: string, cxxCompiler: string,
     config: Config
 ): CompilerHint.CompilerSet, CompilerHint.CompilerSet, CompilerHint.CompilerSet
@@ -85,11 +106,11 @@ local function generateConfig(
         debugger = "/usr/bin/gdb",
         debugServer = "/usr/bin/gdbserver",
         make = "/usr/bin/make",
-        compilerType = config.isClang and "Clang" or "GCC_UTF8",
+        compilerType = name:sub(1, 5) == "Clang" and "Clang" or "GCC_UTF8",
         preprocessingSuffix = ".i",
         compilationProperSuffix = ".s",
         assemblingSuffix = ".o",
-        executableSuffix = config.isMingw and ".exe" or "",
+        executableSuffix = kind == "mingw" and ".exe" or "",
         compilationStage = 3,
         ccCmdOptUsePipe = "on",
         ccCmdOptWarningAll = "on",
@@ -97,10 +118,10 @@ local function generateConfig(
         ccCmdOptCheckIsoConformance = "on",
         binDirs = {"/usr/bin"},
     }
-    if config.isMultilib then
+    if kind == "multilib" then
         commonOptions.ccCmdOptPointerSize = "32"
     end
-    if config.isMingw then
+    if kind == "mingw" then
         commonOptions.resourceCompiler = "/usr/bin/" .. config.triplet .. "-windres"
     end
     if config.customCompileParams then
@@ -110,17 +131,17 @@ local function generateConfig(
         commonOptions.customLinkParams = config.customLinkParams
     end
     local release = {
-        name = name .. (nameMap.release[lang] or nameMap.release.en_US),
+        name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "release", config.arch),
         staticLink = true,
         linkCmdOptStripExe = "on",
         ccCmdOptOptimize = "2",
     }
     local debug_ = {
-        name = name .. (nameMap.debug[lang] or nameMap.debug.en_US),
+        name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "debug", config.arch),
         ccCmdOptDebugInfo = "on",
     }
     local debugWithAsan = {
-        name = name .. (nameMap.debugWithAsan[lang] or nameMap.debugWithAsan.en_US),
+        name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "debugWithAsan", config.arch),
         ccCmdOptDebugInfo = "on",
         ccCmdOptAddressSanitizer = "address",
     }
@@ -137,10 +158,28 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
 
     local compilerList = {}
 
+    local gccDumpVersion = C_System.popen("/usr/bin/gcc", {"-dumpfullversion"})
+    gccDumpVersion = gccDumpVersion:match("^[0-9.]+")
+    local gccFsVersion = C_System.popen("/usr/bin/gcc", {"-dumpversion"})
+    gccFsVersion = gccFsVersion:match("^[0-9.]+")
+    local clangDumpVersion: string
+
     do
         local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-            nameMap.systemGcc[lang] or nameMap.systemGcc.en_US, lang,
-            "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+            lang, "GCC (" .. gccDumpVersion .. ")", "system", "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+            {}
+        )
+        table.insert(compilerList, release)
+        table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
+        table.insert(compilerList, debugWithAsan)
+    end
+
+    local versionedGccs = C_FileSystem.matchFiles("/usr/bin", "^gcc-[0-9]+$")
+    for _, gcc in ipairs(versionedGccs) do
+        local version = gcc:sub(5)
+        local name = "GCC " .. version
+        local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
+            lang, name, "system", "/usr/bin/" .. gcc, "/usr/bin/g++-" .. version,
             {}
         )
         table.insert(compilerList, release)
@@ -149,23 +188,36 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
     end
 
     if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
+        clangDumpVersion = C_System.popen("/usr/bin/clang", {"-dumpversion"})
+        clangDumpVersion = clangDumpVersion:match("^[0-9.]+")
         local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-            nameMap.systemClang[lang] or nameMap.systemClang.en_US, lang,
-            "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
-            {isClang = true}
+            lang, "Clang (" .. clangDumpVersion .. ")", "system", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+            {}
         )
         table.insert(compilerList, release)
         table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
         table.insert(compilerList, debugWithAsan)
     end
 
-    -- TODO: better to check 32-bit libstdc++.a (lib32stdc++-dev), but its path is not fixed
-    if arch == "x86_64" and C_FileSystem.exists("/usr/lib32/libc.a") then
+    local versionedClangs = C_FileSystem.matchFiles("/usr/bin", "^clang-[0-9]+$")
+    for _, clang in ipairs(versionedClangs) do
+        local version = clang:sub(7)
+        local name = "Clang " .. version
+        local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
+            lang, name, "system", "/usr/bin/" .. clang, "/usr/bin/clang++-" .. version,
+            {}
+        )
+        table.insert(compilerList, release)
+        table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
+        table.insert(compilerList, debugWithAsan)
+    end
+
+    -- with lib32stdc++-dev installed, system GCC and Clang can target 32-bit
+    if arch == "x86_64" and C_FileSystem.exists("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/" .. gccFsVersion .. "/32/libstdc++.a") then
         do
             local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-                nameMap.multilibGcc[lang] or nameMap.multilibGcc.en_US, lang,
-                "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
-                {isMultilib = true}
+                lang, "GCC (" .. gccDumpVersion .. ")", "multilib", "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+                {}
             )
             table.insert(compilerList, release)
             table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
@@ -174,9 +226,37 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
 
         if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
             local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-                nameMap.multilibClang[lang] or nameMap.multilibClang.en_US, lang,
-                "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
-                {isClang = true, isMultilib = true}
+                lang, "Clang (" .. clangDumpVersion .. ")", "multilib", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+                {}
+            )
+            table.insert(compilerList, release)
+            table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
+            table.insert(compilerList, debugWithAsan)
+        end
+    end
+
+    -- with libx32stdc++-dev installed, system GCC and Clang can target x32
+    if arch == "x86_64" and C_FileSystem.exists("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/" .. gccFsVersion .. "/x32/libstdc++.a") then
+        do
+            local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
+                lang, "GCC (" .. gccDumpVersion .. ")", "libx32", "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+                {
+                    customCompileParams = {"-mx32"},
+                    customLinkParams = {"-mx32"},
+                }
+            )
+            table.insert(compilerList, release)
+            table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
+            table.insert(compilerList, debugWithAsan)
+        end
+
+        if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
+            local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
+                lang, "Clang (" .. clangDumpVersion .. ")", "libx32", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+                {
+                    customCompileParams = {"-mx32"},
+                    customLinkParams = {"-mx32"},
+                }
             )
             table.insert(compilerList, release)
             table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
@@ -199,10 +279,10 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
 
             do
                 local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-                    (nameMap.mingwGcc[lang] or nameMap.mingwGcc.en_US) .. " x86_64", lang,
+                    lang, "GCC", "mingw",
                     "/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc", "/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++",
                     {
-                        isMingw = true,
+                        arch = "x86_64",
                         triplet = "x86_64-w64-mingw32",
                         customLinkParams = {extraObjects.utf8init, extraObjects.utf8manifest},
                     }
@@ -219,10 +299,10 @@ global function main(): CompilerHint
 
             do
                 local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-                    (nameMap.mingwGcc[lang] or nameMap.mingwGcc.en_US) .. " i686", lang,
+                    lang, "GCC", "mingw",
                     "/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc", "/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-g++",
                     {
-                        isMingw = true,
+                        arch = "i686",
                         triplet = "i686-w64-mingw32",
                         customLinkParams = {extraObjects.utf8init, extraObjects.utf8manifest},
                     }
diff --git a/addon/compiler_hint/windows_domain.tl b/addon/compiler_hint/windows_domain.tl
index 7ebdcfbc..2830d468 100644
--- a/addon/compiler_hint/windows_domain.tl
+++ b/addon/compiler_hint/windows_domain.tl
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ global function apiVersion(): ApiVersion
     return {
         kind = "compiler_hint",
         major = 0,
-        minor = 1,
+        minor = 2,
     }
 end
 
diff --git a/addon/defs/global_env.d.tl b/addon/defs/global_env.d.tl
index aa47edff..9ffe2020 100644
--- a/addon/defs/global_env.d.tl
+++ b/addon/defs/global_env.d.tl
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ local record env
     
         -- return whether the path is executable
         isExecutable: function (path: string): boolean
+
+        -- return matched files in the directory (non-recursive), with Qt-style regex
+        -- e.g. matchFiles("/usr/bin", "^gcc-[0-9]+$") may return {"gcc-12", "gcc-13"}
+        matchFiles: function (dir: string, qtRegex: string): {string}
     end
 
     record C_System
@@ -78,6 +82,9 @@ local record env
         -- Windows arm64 is handled correctly even if Red Panda C++ runs under emulation
         osArch: function (): string
 
+        -- returns (1) stdout, (2) stderr and (3) exit status of the program
+        popen: function(prog: string, args: {string}, option: PopenOption | nil): string, string, PopenResult
+
         -- returns supported application architectures by OS, name following `QSysInfo`
         -- e.g. {"i386", "x86_64", "arm64"}
         -- Windows 10 1709 or later: accurate result
@@ -89,6 +96,30 @@ local record env
 
         -- read `subKey\name` from HKEY_CURRENT_USER and HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE in order (Windows only)
         readRegistry: function (subKey: string, name: string): string | nil
+
+        record PopenOption
+            timeout: integer | nil -- in milliseconds
+        end
+
+        record PopenResult
+            exitStatus: QProcessExitStatus
+            error: QProcessProcessError | nil
+            exitCode: integer | nil -- only valid if exitStatus is NormalExit
+        end
+
+        enum QProcessExitStatus
+            "NormalExit"
+            "CrashExit"
+        end
+
+        enum QProcessProcessError
+            "FailedToStart"
+            "Crashed"
+            "Timedout"
+            "WriteError"
+            "ReadError"
+            "UnknownError"
+        end
     end
 
     record C_Util
diff --git a/packages/archlinux/compiler_hint.lua b/packages/archlinux/compiler_hint.lua
index 5d509fe3..9ebb7b81 100644
--- a/packages/archlinux/compiler_hint.lua
+++ b/packages/archlinux/compiler_hint.lua
@@ -2,73 +2,77 @@ function apiVersion()
    return {
       kind = "compiler_hint",
       major = 0,
-      minor = 1,
+      minor = 2,
    }
 end
 
-local nameMap = {
-   systemGcc = {
-      en_US = "System GCC",
-      pt_BR = "GCC do sistema",
-      zh_CN = "系统 GCC",
-      zh_TW = "系統 GCC",
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+local compilerNameTemplate = {
+   system = {
+      en_US = "System %1, %2",
+      pt_BR = "%1 sistema, %2",
+      zh_CN = "系统 %1，%2",
+      zh_TW = "系統 %1，%2",
    },
-   systemClang = {
-      en_US = "System Clang",
-      pt_BR = "Clang do sistema",
-      zh_CN = "系统 Clang",
-      zh_TW = "系統 Clang",
+   multilib = {
+      en_US = "Multilib %1, %2",
+      pt_BR = "%1 multilib, %2",
+      zh_CN = "Multilib %1，%2",
+      zh_TW = "Multilib %1，%2",
    },
-   multilibGcc = {
-      en_US = "Multilib GCC",
-      pt_BR = "GCC multilib",
-      zh_CN = "Multilib GCC",
-      zh_TW = "Multilib GCC",
+   cross = {
+      en_US = "Cross %1 %3, %2",
+      pt_BR = "%1 cruzado %3, %2",
+      zh_CN = "交叉编译 %1 %3，%2",
+      zh_TW = "交叉編譯 %1 %3，%2",
    },
-   multilibClang = {
-      en_US = "Multilib Clang",
-      pt_BR = "Clang multilib",
-      zh_CN = "Multilib Clang",
-      zh_TW = "Multilib Clang",
-   },
-   crossGcc = {
-      en_US = "Cross GCC",
-      pt_BR = "GCC cruzado",
-      zh_CN = "交叉编译 GCC",
-      zh_TW = "交叉編譯 GCC",
-   },
-   mingwGcc = {
-      en_US = "MinGW GCC",
-      pt_BR = "GCC MinGW",
-      zh_CN = "MinGW GCC",
-      zh_TW = "MinGW GCC",
-   },
-   mingwClang = {
-      en_US = "MinGW Clang",
-      pt_BR = "Clang MinGW",
-      zh_CN = "MinGW Clang",
-      zh_TW = "MinGW Clang",
-   },
-   release = {
-      en_US = ", release",
-      pt_BR = ", lançamento",
-      zh_CN = "，发布",
-      zh_TW = "，發佈",
-   },
-   debug = {
-      en_US = ", debug",
-      pt_BR = ", depuração",
-      zh_CN = "，调试",
-      zh_TW = "，偵錯",
-   },
-   debugWithAsan = {
-      en_US = ", debug with ASan",
-      pt_BR = ", depuração com ASan",
-      zh_CN = "，ASan 调试",
-      zh_TW = "，ASan 偵錯",
+   mingw = {
+      en_US = "MinGW %1 %3, %2",
+      pt_BR = "MinGW %1 %3, %2",
+      zh_CN = "MinGW %1 %3，%2",
+      zh_TW = "MinGW %1 %3，%2",
    },
 }
 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+local profileNameMap = {
+   release = {
+      en_US = "release",
+      pt_BR = "lançamento",
+      zh_CN = "发布",
+      zh_TW = "發佈",
+   },
+   debug = {
+      en_US = "debug",
+      pt_BR = "depuração",
+      zh_CN = "调试",
+      zh_TW = "偵錯",
+   },
+   debugWithAsan = {
+      en_US = "debug with ASan",
+      pt_BR = "depuração com ASan",
+      zh_CN = "ASan 调试",
+      zh_TW = "ASan 偵錯",
+   },
+}
+
+local function nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, profile, arch)
+   local template = compilerNameTemplate[kind][lang] or compilerNameTemplate[kind].en_US
+   local profileName = profileNameMap[profile][lang] or profileNameMap[profile].en_US
+   return C_Util.format(template, name, profileName, arch)
+end
+
 local function mergeCompilerSet(compilerSet, other)
    local c = compilerSet
    local o = other
@@ -84,10 +88,8 @@ end
 
 
 
-
-
 local function generateConfig(
-   name, lang,
+   lang, name, kind,
    cCompiler, cxxCompiler,
    config)
 
@@ -97,11 +99,11 @@ local function generateConfig(
       debugger = "/usr/bin/gdb",
       debugServer = "/usr/bin/gdbserver",
       make = "/usr/bin/make",
-      compilerType = config.isClang and "Clang" or "GCC_UTF8",
+      compilerType = name:sub(1, 5) == "Clang" and "Clang" or "GCC_UTF8",
       preprocessingSuffix = ".i",
       compilationProperSuffix = ".s",
       assemblingSuffix = ".o",
-      executableSuffix = config.isMingw and ".exe" or "",
+      executableSuffix = kind == "mingw" and ".exe" or "",
       compilationStage = 3,
       ccCmdOptUsePipe = "on",
       ccCmdOptWarningAll = "on",
@@ -109,10 +111,10 @@ local function generateConfig(
       ccCmdOptCheckIsoConformance = "on",
       binDirs = { "/usr/bin" },
    }
-   if config.isMultilib then
+   if kind == "multilib" then
       commonOptions.ccCmdOptPointerSize = "32"
    end
-   if config.isMingw then
+   if kind == "mingw" then
       commonOptions.resourceCompiler = "/usr/bin/" .. config.triplet .. "-windres"
    end
    if config.customCompileParams then
@@ -122,17 +124,17 @@ local function generateConfig(
       commonOptions.customLinkParams = config.customLinkParams
    end
    local release = {
-      name = name .. (nameMap.release[lang] or nameMap.release.en_US),
+      name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "release", config.arch),
       staticLink = true,
       linkCmdOptStripExe = "on",
       ccCmdOptOptimize = "2",
    }
    local debug_ = {
-      name = name .. (nameMap.debug[lang] or nameMap.debug.en_US),
+      name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "debug", config.arch),
       ccCmdOptDebugInfo = "on",
    }
    local debugWithAsan = {
-      name = name .. (nameMap.debugWithAsan[lang] or nameMap.debugWithAsan.en_US),
+      name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "debugWithAsan", config.arch),
       ccCmdOptDebugInfo = "on",
       ccCmdOptAddressSanitizer = "address",
    }
@@ -151,8 +153,20 @@ function main()
 
    do
       local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-      nameMap.systemGcc[lang] or nameMap.systemGcc.en_US, lang,
-      "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+      lang, "GCC", "system", "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+      {})
+
+      table.insert(compilerList, release)
+      table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
+      table.insert(compilerList, debugWithAsan)
+   end
+
+   local versionedGccs = C_FileSystem.matchFiles("/usr/bin", "^gcc-[0-9]+$")
+   for _, gcc in ipairs(versionedGccs) do
+      local version = gcc:sub(5)
+      local name = "GCC " .. version
+      local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
+      lang, name, "system", "/usr/bin/" .. gcc, "/usr/bin/g++-" .. version,
       {})
 
       table.insert(compilerList, release)
@@ -162,9 +176,8 @@ function main()
 
    if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
       local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-      nameMap.systemClang[lang] or nameMap.systemClang.en_US, lang,
-      "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
-      { isClang = true })
+      lang, "Clang", "system", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+      {})
 
       table.insert(compilerList, release)
       table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
@@ -175,9 +188,8 @@ function main()
    if arch == "x86_64" and C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/lib32/libstdc++.so") then
       do
          local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-         nameMap.multilibGcc[lang] or nameMap.multilibGcc.en_US, lang,
-         "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
-         { isMultilib = true })
+         lang, "GCC", "multilib", "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+         {})
 
          table.insert(compilerList, release)
          table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
@@ -186,9 +198,8 @@ function main()
 
       if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
          local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-         nameMap.multilibClang[lang] or nameMap.multilibClang.en_US, lang,
-         "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
-         { isClang = true, isMultilib = true })
+         lang, "Clang", "multilib", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+         {})
 
          table.insert(compilerList, release)
          table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
@@ -203,9 +214,9 @@ function main()
       C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc")) then
 
       local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-      (nameMap.crossGcc[lang] or nameMap.crossGcc.en_US) .. " aarch64", lang,
+      lang, "GCC", "cross",
       "/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc", "/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++",
-      {})
+      { arch = "aarch64" })
 
       table.insert(compilerList, release)
    end
@@ -225,10 +236,10 @@ function main()
 
          do
             local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-            (nameMap.mingwGcc[lang] or nameMap.mingwGcc.en_US) .. " x86_64", lang,
+            lang, "GCC", "mingw",
             "/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc", "/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++",
             {
-               isMingw = true,
+               arch = "x86_64",
                triplet = "x86_64-w64-mingw32",
                customLinkParams = { extraObjects.utf8init, extraObjects.utf8manifest },
             })
@@ -239,11 +250,9 @@ function main()
 
          if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
             local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-            (nameMap.mingwClang[lang] or nameMap.mingwClang.en_US) .. " x86_64", lang,
-            "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+            lang, "Clang", "mingw", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
             {
-               isClang = true,
-               isMingw = true,
+               arch = "x86_64",
                triplet = "x86_64-w64-mingw32",
                customCompileParams = { "-target", "x86_64-w64-mingw32" },
                customLinkParams = {
@@ -265,10 +274,10 @@ function main()
 
          do
             local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-            (nameMap.mingwGcc[lang] or nameMap.mingwGcc.en_US) .. " i686", lang,
+            lang, "GCC", "mingw",
             "/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc", "/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-g++",
             {
-               isMingw = true,
+               arch = "i686",
                triplet = "i686-w64-mingw32",
                customLinkParams = { extraObjects.utf8init, extraObjects.utf8manifest },
             })
@@ -279,11 +288,10 @@ function main()
 
          if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
             local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-            (nameMap.mingwClang[lang] or nameMap.mingwClang.en_US) .. " i686", lang,
+            lang, "Clang", "mingw",
             "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
             {
-               isClang = true,
-               isMingw = true,
+               arch = "i686",
                triplet = "i686-w64-mingw32",
                customCompileParams = { "-target", "i686-w64-mingw32" },
                customLinkParams = {
diff --git a/packages/debian/compiler_hint.lua b/packages/debian/compiler_hint.lua
index e8c7f13a..454435e5 100644
--- a/packages/debian/compiler_hint.lua
+++ b/packages/debian/compiler_hint.lua
@@ -2,61 +2,84 @@ function apiVersion()
    return {
       kind = "compiler_hint",
       major = 0,
-      minor = 1,
+      minor = 2,
    }
 end
 
-local nameMap = {
-   systemGcc = {
-      en_US = "System GCC",
-      pt_BR = "GCC do sistema",
-      zh_CN = "系统 GCC",
-      zh_TW = "系統 GCC",
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+local compilerNameTemplate = {
+   system = {
+      en_US = "System %1, %2",
+      pt_BR = "%1 sistema, %2",
+      zh_CN = "系统 %1，%2",
+      zh_TW = "系統 %1，%2",
    },
-   systemClang = {
-      en_US = "System Clang",
-      pt_BR = "Clang do sistema",
-      zh_CN = "系统 Clang",
-      zh_TW = "系統 Clang",
+   multilib = {
+      en_US = "Multilib %1, %2",
+      pt_BR = "%1 multilib, %2",
+      zh_CN = "Multilib %1，%2",
+      zh_TW = "Multilib %1，%2",
    },
-   multilibGcc = {
-      en_US = "Multilib GCC",
-      pt_BR = "GCC multilib",
-      zh_CN = "Multilib GCC",
-      zh_TW = "Multilib GCC",
+   libx32 = {
+      en_US = "Libx32 %1, %2",
+      pt_BR = "%1 libx32, %2",
+      zh_CN = "Libx32 %1，%2",
+      zh_TW = "Libx32 %1，%2",
    },
-   multilibClang = {
-      en_US = "Multilib Clang",
-      pt_BR = "Clang multilib",
-      zh_CN = "Multilib Clang",
-      zh_TW = "Multilib Clang",
+   cross = {
+      en_US = "Cross %1 %3, %2",
+      pt_BR = "%1 cruzado %3, %2",
+      zh_CN = "交叉编译 %1 %3，%2",
+      zh_TW = "交叉編譯 %1 %3，%2",
    },
-   mingwGcc = {
-      en_US = "MinGW GCC",
-      pt_BR = "GCC MinGW",
-      zh_CN = "MinGW GCC",
-      zh_TW = "MinGW GCC",
-   },
-   release = {
-      en_US = ", release",
-      pt_BR = ", lançamento",
-      zh_CN = "，发布",
-      zh_TW = "，發佈",
-   },
-   debug = {
-      en_US = ", debug",
-      pt_BR = ", depuração",
-      zh_CN = "，调试",
-      zh_TW = "，偵錯",
-   },
-   debugWithAsan = {
-      en_US = ", debug with ASan",
-      pt_BR = ", depuração com ASan",
-      zh_CN = "，ASan 调试",
-      zh_TW = "，ASan 偵錯",
+   mingw = {
+      en_US = "MinGW %1 %3, %2",
+      pt_BR = "MinGW %1 %3, %2",
+      zh_CN = "MinGW %1 %3，%2",
+      zh_TW = "MinGW %1 %3，%2",
    },
 }
 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+local profileNameMap = {
+   release = {
+      en_US = "release",
+      pt_BR = "lançamento",
+      zh_CN = "发布",
+      zh_TW = "發佈",
+   },
+   debug = {
+      en_US = "debug",
+      pt_BR = "depuração",
+      zh_CN = "调试",
+      zh_TW = "偵錯",
+   },
+   debugWithAsan = {
+      en_US = "debug with ASan",
+      pt_BR = "depuração com ASan",
+      zh_CN = "ASan 调试",
+      zh_TW = "ASan 偵錯",
+   },
+}
+
+local function nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, profile, arch)
+   local template = compilerNameTemplate[kind][lang] or compilerNameTemplate[kind].en_US
+   local profileName = profileNameMap[profile][lang] or profileNameMap[profile].en_US
+   return C_Util.format(template, name, profileName, arch)
+end
+
 local function mergeCompilerSet(compilerSet, other)
    local c = compilerSet
    local o = other
@@ -72,10 +95,8 @@ end
 
 
 
-
-
 local function generateConfig(
-   name, lang,
+   lang, name, kind,
    cCompiler, cxxCompiler,
    config)
 
@@ -85,11 +106,11 @@ local function generateConfig(
       debugger = "/usr/bin/gdb",
       debugServer = "/usr/bin/gdbserver",
       make = "/usr/bin/make",
-      compilerType = config.isClang and "Clang" or "GCC_UTF8",
+      compilerType = name:sub(1, 5) == "Clang" and "Clang" or "GCC_UTF8",
       preprocessingSuffix = ".i",
       compilationProperSuffix = ".s",
       assemblingSuffix = ".o",
-      executableSuffix = config.isMingw and ".exe" or "",
+      executableSuffix = kind == "mingw" and ".exe" or "",
       compilationStage = 3,
       ccCmdOptUsePipe = "on",
       ccCmdOptWarningAll = "on",
@@ -97,10 +118,10 @@ local function generateConfig(
       ccCmdOptCheckIsoConformance = "on",
       binDirs = { "/usr/bin" },
    }
-   if config.isMultilib then
+   if kind == "multilib" then
       commonOptions.ccCmdOptPointerSize = "32"
    end
-   if config.isMingw then
+   if kind == "mingw" then
       commonOptions.resourceCompiler = "/usr/bin/" .. config.triplet .. "-windres"
    end
    if config.customCompileParams then
@@ -110,17 +131,17 @@ local function generateConfig(
       commonOptions.customLinkParams = config.customLinkParams
    end
    local release = {
-      name = name .. (nameMap.release[lang] or nameMap.release.en_US),
+      name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "release", config.arch),
       staticLink = true,
       linkCmdOptStripExe = "on",
       ccCmdOptOptimize = "2",
    }
    local debug_ = {
-      name = name .. (nameMap.debug[lang] or nameMap.debug.en_US),
+      name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "debug", config.arch),
       ccCmdOptDebugInfo = "on",
    }
    local debugWithAsan = {
-      name = name .. (nameMap.debugWithAsan[lang] or nameMap.debugWithAsan.en_US),
+      name = nameGenerator(lang, name, kind, "debugWithAsan", config.arch),
       ccCmdOptDebugInfo = "on",
       ccCmdOptAddressSanitizer = "address",
    }
@@ -137,10 +158,28 @@ function main()
 
    local compilerList = {}
 
+   local gccDumpVersion = C_System.popen("/usr/bin/gcc", { "-dumpfullversion" })
+   gccDumpVersion = gccDumpVersion:match("^[0-9.]+")
+   local gccFsVersion = C_System.popen("/usr/bin/gcc", { "-dumpversion" })
+   gccFsVersion = gccFsVersion:match("^[0-9.]+")
+   local clangDumpVersion
+
    do
       local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-      nameMap.systemGcc[lang] or nameMap.systemGcc.en_US, lang,
-      "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+      lang, "GCC (" .. gccDumpVersion .. ")", "system", "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+      {})
+
+      table.insert(compilerList, release)
+      table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
+      table.insert(compilerList, debugWithAsan)
+   end
+
+   local versionedGccs = C_FileSystem.matchFiles("/usr/bin", "^gcc-[0-9]+$")
+   for _, gcc in ipairs(versionedGccs) do
+      local version = gcc:sub(5)
+      local name = "GCC " .. version
+      local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
+      lang, name, "system", "/usr/bin/" .. gcc, "/usr/bin/g++-" .. version,
       {})
 
       table.insert(compilerList, release)
@@ -149,10 +188,24 @@ function main()
    end
 
    if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
+      clangDumpVersion = C_System.popen("/usr/bin/clang", { "-dumpversion" })
+      clangDumpVersion = clangDumpVersion:match("^[0-9.]+")
       local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-      nameMap.systemClang[lang] or nameMap.systemClang.en_US, lang,
-      "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
-      { isClang = true })
+      lang, "Clang (" .. clangDumpVersion .. ")", "system", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+      {})
+
+      table.insert(compilerList, release)
+      table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
+      table.insert(compilerList, debugWithAsan)
+   end
+
+   local versionedClangs = C_FileSystem.matchFiles("/usr/bin", "^clang-[0-9]+$")
+   for _, clang in ipairs(versionedClangs) do
+      local version = clang:sub(7)
+      local name = "Clang " .. version
+      local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
+      lang, name, "system", "/usr/bin/" .. clang, "/usr/bin/clang++-" .. version,
+      {})
 
       table.insert(compilerList, release)
       table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
@@ -160,12 +213,11 @@ function main()
    end
 
 
-   if arch == "x86_64" and C_FileSystem.exists("/usr/lib32/libc.a") then
+   if arch == "x86_64" and C_FileSystem.exists("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/" .. gccFsVersion .. "/32/libstdc++.a") then
       do
          local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-         nameMap.multilibGcc[lang] or nameMap.multilibGcc.en_US, lang,
-         "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
-         { isMultilib = true })
+         lang, "GCC (" .. gccDumpVersion .. ")", "multilib", "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+         {})
 
          table.insert(compilerList, release)
          table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
@@ -174,9 +226,37 @@ function main()
 
       if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
          local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
-         nameMap.multilibClang[lang] or nameMap.multilibClang.en_US, lang,
-         "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
-         { isClang = true, isMultilib = true })
+         lang, "Clang (" .. clangDumpVersion .. ")", "multilib", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+         {})
+
+         table.insert(compilerList, release)
+         table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
+         table.insert(compilerList, debugWithAsan)
+      end
+   end
+
+
+   if arch == "x86_64" and C_FileSystem.exists("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/" .. gccFsVersion .. "/x32/libstdc++.a") then
+      do
+         local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
+         lang, "GCC (" .. gccDumpVersion .. ")", "libx32", "/usr/bin/gcc", "/usr/bin/g++",
+         {
+            customCompileParams = { "-mx32" },
+            customLinkParams = { "-mx32" },
+         })
+
+         table.insert(compilerList, release)
+         table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
+         table.insert(compilerList, debugWithAsan)
+      end
+
+      if C_FileSystem.isExecutable("/usr/bin/clang") then
+         local release, debug_, debugWithAsan = generateConfig(
+         lang, "Clang (" .. clangDumpVersion .. ")", "libx32", "/usr/bin/clang", "/usr/bin/clang++",
+         {
+            customCompileParams = { "-mx32" },
+            customLinkParams = { "-mx32" },
+         })
 
          table.insert(compilerList, release)
          table.insert(compilerList, debug_)
@@ -199,10 +279,10 @@ function main()
 
          do
             local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-            (nameMap.mingwGcc[lang] or nameMap.mingwGcc.en_US) .. " x86_64", lang,
+            lang, "GCC", "mingw",
             "/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc", "/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++",
             {
-               isMingw = true,
+               arch = "x86_64",
                triplet = "x86_64-w64-mingw32",
                customLinkParams = { extraObjects.utf8init, extraObjects.utf8manifest },
             })
@@ -219,10 +299,10 @@ function main()
 
          do
             local release, _, _ = generateConfig(
-            (nameMap.mingwGcc[lang] or nameMap.mingwGcc.en_US) .. " i686", lang,
+            lang, "GCC", "mingw",
             "/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc", "/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-g++",
             {
-               isMingw = true,
+               arch = "i686",
                triplet = "i686-w64-mingw32",
                customLinkParams = { extraObjects.utf8init, extraObjects.utf8manifest },
             })
diff --git a/packages/msys/domain/compiler_hint.lua b/packages/msys/domain/compiler_hint.lua
index 85bdca84..9fc35193 100644
--- a/packages/msys/domain/compiler_hint.lua
+++ b/packages/msys/domain/compiler_hint.lua
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ function apiVersion()
    return {
       kind = "compiler_hint",
       major = 0,
-      minor = 1,
+      minor = 2,
    }
 end